Six 1-alkyl-4-tridecafluorooctyl-1,2,4-triazolium triflimides 2a–f and 4-amino-1-tridecafluorooctyl-1,2,4-triazolium triflimide (4) were prepared from the respective iodides 1a–f (1a, 2a: n-propyl; 1b, 2b: n-butyl; 1c, 2c: n-hexyl; 1d, 2d: n-heptyl; 1e, 2e: n-octyl; 1f, 2f: n-decyl) and iodide 3 by ion metathesis. Compounds 2a and 4 are liquid at room temperature. Two liquid fluorous imidazoliu...

Diimidazolium salts featuring different bridges between the imidazolium groups, as well as electron-withdrawing groups (chloride, cyanide) at the 4- and 5-position of the heterocyclic rings, have been successfully prepared. The diimidazolium salts serve as convenient precursors of di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands, which coordinate in a chelating fashion to palladium(ii) centres. The effect of...

The present study aims at evaluating the capability of phosphate-based salts, whose anions can coexist in water depending on the media pH, to promote aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formation with 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids, as well as to infer on the influence of the ionic liquid anion in the overall process of liquid–liquid demixing. In this context, novel phase diagrams of...

To determine the essential parameters for mesophase formation in imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), a library of 1-alkyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromides was synthesized, abbreviated as CnC12, where 0 ≤ n ≤ 13, as the general notion is that a dodecyl side chain would guarantee the formation of an ionic liquid crystal (ILC). All salts were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectr...

Ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-based ABS) have been largely investigated as promising extraction and purification routes. In this context, the determination of their phase diagrams and the physical properties of the coexisting phases are of high relevance when envisaging their large-scale applications. Low viscosities improve the mass transfer and reduce energy consumptions, wh...

The number of applications involving ionic liquids has dramatically increased in the past few years, and their production and use in a large scale will inevitably lead to their dispersion into water streams (either by wastewater disposal or accidental leakage). Studies on the removal and recovery of ionic liquids from wastewater streams are therefore of crucial importance, yet particularly scar...

N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), typically derived from imidazolium salts, have provided highly powerful ligands for catalysis. Recently, abnormal C4 bonding rather than normal C2 bonding has been discovered as a new carbene bonding mode. We were interested in comparing the consequences of these two bonding modes on the metal center. Therefore we synthesized related palladium complexes 1 and 2 c...

We describe the palladium-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 2-imidazolines. This reaction proceeds via the coupling of imines, acid chlorides and carbon monoxide to form imidazolinium carboxylates, followed by a decarboxylation. Decarboxylation in CHCl(3) is found to result in a mixture of imidazolinium and imidazolium salts. However, the addition of benzoic acid suppresses aromatization, a...