conclusions globally, interventions that comprise evidence-based prevention, care and treatment of substance use disorders in young adults are vital to reduce the transmission of hiv infection and promote good clinical outcomes for young adults at-risk for living with hiv. context young adults comprise roughly one-quarter of the global population and are at the developmental stage where persona...

BACKGROUND In 2004, the Survey on Drug Use and Health showed that 5% of American women reported use of an illicit drug during pregnancy. The results of studies determining the association between periconceptional illicit drug use and birth defects have been inconsistent. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a case-control study of major birth defects, and...

BACKGROUND According to the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 4.6% of American women reported use of an illicit drug during pregnancy. Previous studies on illicit drug use during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes showed inconsistent results. METHODS This population-based study included mothers who delivered live-born infants without birth defects between 1997 and 2004 and completed ...

BACKGROUND Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) continue to be at elevated risk for substance use; however, models explaining this phenomenon have often focused on a limited array of explanatory constructs. This study examined the longitudinal relationship of contextual risk factors, social cognitive processes, mental health, and health protective behavior to identify key mechanisms of illici...

BACKGROUND Drug users' organizations have made progress in recent years in advocating for the health and human rights of people who use illicit drugs but have historically not emphasized the needs of people who drink alcohol. METHODS This paper reports on a qualitative participatory needs assessment with people who use illicit substances in British Columbia, Canada. We held workshops in 17 co...

BACKGROUND Globally, illicit drugs are responsible for many fatalities annually, yet accurate data on the nature and extent of these deaths in South Africa (SA) are lacking. OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence and profile of illicit drugs detected in deceased persons who were subjected to medicolegal autopsies and upon whom analyses were carried out in search of illicit drugs in their body...

BACKGROUND The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prescribes that drug testing is conducted in sports competitions to detect drug use in athletes. This testing includes performance-enhancing drugs as well as illicit substances such as marijuana, amphetamines and cocaine. Illicit drugs are tested for on match days but not on non-match days. Some athletes are known to use illicit substances for recr...

The use of illicit drugs and high rates of crime are strongly associated. Under drug prohibition, drug-consumption and drug trafficking are inevitably defined as offences. Drug-related offences — especially incomegenerating property crime — are also common although psychopharmacological offences and violence between drug traffickers are less prevalent. Drugs and crime are also linked by many co...

the purpose of this work is to promote and facilitate forensic profiling and chemical analysis of illicit drug samples in order to determine their origin, methods of production and transfer through the country. the article is based on the gas chromatography analysis of heroin samples seized from three different locations in serbia. chemometric approach with appropriate statistical tools (multip...

Data from the 2001 College Alcohol Study, a national sample of U.S. college students, were used to conduct multinomial logistic regression analysis examining correlates of substance use. Students were divided into three groups based on their lifetime substance use: non-users, non-medical prescription drug use only, and illicit/street drug use only. The purpose of this analytic strategy was to e...