calligraphy in plaster molding has long been a unique platform for professional designers and decorative calligraphers due to the ease of molding the plaster and the longevity of the work. since the origin of the kufi alphabet used in plaster inscriptions is simplekufi, it is generallybelieved that the common letters must be drawn alike. however, as exemplified in the phrase under study, the mo...

buraq baba or buraq e rumi of mawlawiya sect was born in tuqat (between kunya and sivas) (mid of 7th century a.h).he became one of mashayikh of baba'iya after his apprentice to his murshid sari saltuq and was entitled buraq. apparently baba'iya was subdivision of mawlawiya specially its qalandari tariqas (ways) which was vocal in azerbaijan and anatolia for a long time. buraq baba&apo...

music in iran has a long history. in the early islamic period, music was denounced. in the umayyad period, music still faced opposition from some jurisprudents and a group of muslims. but in the next century, due to positive attitude of governments as well as scientific attitudes of many scholars and scientists of that era, arts received public attention.  the design of women was carved on clay...

with the advent of ilkhan (mongols) in iran, the art of illustrating book was officially formed and, from this period onward, this art prospered. great mongolian shahnameh, the painting masterpiece of ilkhanid era, was illustrated in tabriz as the first courtly illustrated edition during the time of abu sae'd bahadorkhan; gradually afterward, other illustrated editions of shahnaneh came in...

Minbar is one of the most important additional architectural elements of any mosque. Its importance in emphasizing the Qiblah direction as well as the position of Imam in order to deliver sermon (khutba) leads to the flourish and interference of a fairly large number of handicrafts like wooden decorations and related features specific to the mosque architecture like tile works and stucco design...