Climate extremes such as cold spells are becoming more frequent climate variability increases. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of winter on forest cover, tree growth and leaf sapwood non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations. We analyzed changes in cover using remote sensing data compared radial coexisting defoliated Pinus halepensis trees non-defoliated P. pinaster trees...

It is known that a transform of Liouville type allows one to pass from an equation of the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) hierarchy to a corresponding equation of the Camassa-Holm (CH) hierarchy [2, 39]. We give a systematic development of the correspondence between these hierarchies by using the coefficients of asymptotic expansions of certain Green’s functions. We illustrate our procedure with some ...

The excretion of sulphate by the isolated Malpighian tubules of Calliphora vomitoria has been investigated. Contrary to expectation, it was found that the isolated tubules are freely permeable to sulphate. The rate of sulphate secretion is comparable to the rates of secretion of both phosphate and chloride. The excretion of sulphate by the intact fly has also been verified.

Native to Southern China, Ilex pubescens and Ilex asprella are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. Both of them produce a large variety of ursane-type triterpenoid saponins, which have been demonstrated to have different pharmacological effects. However, little is known about their biosynthesis. In this study, transcriptomic analysis of I. pubescens and comparison with its closely ...

Background: Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is known to possess many biological activities against diverse tissues among others alimentary tract wall. Aim: The aims of the study were to evaluate potential toxic effects of water and ethanol (by Soxhlet extraction and shaking extraction methods) and free radical scavenging properties of Yerba mate extracts on human normal colonic epithelial and ...

Effects of temperature and photoperiod and their interactions on budburst and on the use of carbon reserves were examined in two Mediterranean oaks differing in wood anatomy and leaf habit. Seedlings of Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (evergreen and diffuse-porous wood) and Q. faginea (semi-deciduous and ring-porous wood) were grown under two temperatures (12 and 19 degrees C) and two photoperiods ...

The impact of regional and local weather and of local topography on intradiurnal variations in airborne pollen levels was assessed by analysing bi-hourly holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) pollen counts at two sampling stations located 40 km apart, in southwestern Spain (Cordoba city and El Cabril nature reserve) over the period 2010-2011. Pollen grains were captured using Hir...

Shade tolerance, plastic phenotypic response to light and sensitivity to photoinhibition were studied in holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) seedlings transported from the field to a greenhouse and in adult trees in the field. All plants were growing in, or originated from, continental Mediterranean sites in central Spain. Seedlings tolerated moderate but not deep shade. Mortality was high and growth re...