Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histologic subtype of breast cancer that is frequently associated with favorable outcomes, as approximately 90% of ILC express the estrogen receptor (ER). However, recent retrospective analyses suggest that patients with ILC receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy may not benefit as much as patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. On the basis of these observa...

The two-dimensional (2-D) system theory iterative learning control (ILC) techniques for linear time-invariant discrete systems are extended to the cases of linear time-variant discrete systems. By exploiting the convergent property of 2-D linear time-variant discrete systems with only one independent variable, a kind of 2-D system theory ILC approach is presented for linear time-variant discret...

A sinister and stealthy marauder, infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) can potentially elude detection due to its pathologic appearance. As reviewed in the last issue of The WCC Note, the shape of ILC at pathology varies. It ranges from tumors with irregular margins; to those displaying diffuse invasion with cells infiltrating single file or loosely associated; to variants with large groups of ...

We derive frequency-domain criteria for the convergence of linear iterative learning control (ILC) on finite-time intervals that are less restrictive than existing ones in the literature. In particular, the former can be used to establish the convergence of ILC in certain cases where the latter are violated. The results cover ILC with non-causal filters and provide insights into the transient b...

This paper presents a stability analysis of the iterative learning control (ILC) problem when the plant Markov parameters are subject to interval uncertainty. Using the super-vector approach to ILC, vertex Markov matrices are employed to develop sufficient conditions for both asymptotic stability and monotonic convergence of the ILC process. It is shown that Kharitonov segments between vertex m...

Many schemes of iterative learning control (ILC) have been developed for continuous-time, non-linear dynamic systems to improve tracking performance. Two schemes, D-type and P-type, have been the bases for many ILC designs. Recently, the anticipatory ILC scheme has been introduced, on the basis of a di€ erent approach (Wang 1998a, 1999). In this paper, these basic schemes are compared from both...

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are lymphocytes lacking rearranged antigen receptors such as those expressed by T and B cells. ILC are important effector and regulatory cells of the innate immune system, controlling lymphoid organogenesis, tissue inflammation, and homeostasis. The family of ILC consists of cytotoxic NK cells and the more recently described noncytotoxic group 1, 2, and 3 ILC. The cl...

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and lobular neoplasia (LN) are two distinct conditions that still pose challenges regarding to their classification, diagnosis and management. Although they share similar cellular characteristics, such as discohesive neoplastic cells and absence of e-cadherin staining, they represent completely different conditions. LN encompasses atypical lobular hyperplasia (A...

The two main histological types of infiltrating breast cancer, lobular (ILC) and the more common ductal (IDC) carcinoma are morphologically and clinically distinct. To assess the molecular alterations associated with these breast cancer subtypes, we conducted a whole-genome study of 166 archival estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors (89 IDC and 77 ILC) using the Affymetrix GeneChip(R) Mapping ...

We comparatively investigated the expression and clinical implications of lipid metabolism-related proteins in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. A total of 584 breast cancers (108 ILC and 476 IDC) were subjected to tissue microarray and immunohistochemical analysis for lipid metabolism-related proteins including hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), p...