Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and antizyme inhibitor (AZI) promote cell growth. ODC and CCND1 can be degraded through antizyme (AZ)-mediated 26S proteasomal degradation. This paper describes a mechanistic study of the molecular interactions between AZ and its interacting proteins. The dissociation constant (Kd) of the binary AZ-CCND1 complex and the respective binding sites o...

Shoot regeneration in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius 'AKS 207' and 'PKV Pink') genetically transformed using Agrobacterium was used for assessing various constraints to the efficiency of transformation including infection period, virulence induction medium, co-cultivation period, bacterial titre, selection regime, and the natural phenolic compound acetosyringone. Transformation frequency was p...

Visual inspection may fail to accurately evaluate field cancerisation (subclinical actinic keratoses [AKs]). We aimed to describe field cancerisation by confocal reflectance microscopy and changes induced by the application of 3% diclofenac sodium gel in 2.5% hyaluronic acid. Fourteen male patients, > 50 years old, with AKs on the bald scalp were included. Clinical examination, confocal microsc...

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common cutaneous lesions that develop as a result of ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.1 Risk factors associated with AKs include advanced age, male gender, high degree of sun and/or artificial UV exposure, and fair skin.2 Epidemiological studies within Europe are limited and have provided highly variable estimates of AK point prevalence (1--38%).2--6 Cumulative sun ...

Actinic Keratosis (AK) arises from sun-damaged skin and is the first clinical manifestation in the multistep process of skin carcinogenesis to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, it is an ideal target for chemopreventive efforts. Noninvasive measures of AK severity are needed to assess the efficacy of chemoprevention agents. We performed a pilot study on 20 participants to investigate the O...

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common cutaneous lesions that develop as a result of ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.1 Risk factors associated with AKs include advanced age, male gender, high degree of sun and/or artificial UV exposure, and fair skin.2 Epidemiological studies within Europe are limited and have provided highly variable estimates of AK point prevalence (1--38%).2--6 Cumulative sun ...

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common cutaneous lesions that develop as a result of ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.1 Risk factors associated with AKs include advanced age, male gender, high degree of sun and/or artificial UV exposure, and fair skin.2 Epidemiological studies within Europe are limited and have provided highly variable estimates of AK point prevalence (1--38%).2--6 Cumulative sun ...

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common cutaneous lesions that develop as a result of ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.1 Risk factors associated with AKs include advanced age, male gender, high degree of sun and/or artificial UV exposure, and fair skin.2 Epidemiological studies within Europe are limited and have provided highly variable estimates of AK point prevalence (1--38%).2--6 Cumulative sun ...

BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) may progress to squamous cell carcinoma. In the case of normal or mildly photodamaged skin, lesion-directed treatments are considered valuable options despite poor published evidence of their therapeutic activity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this single-centre, open-label, prospective, nonsponsored, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to compare CO2 laser abl...