MSTN, IGF-І(insulin-like growth factor-І) and IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor-II) regulate skeletal muscle growth. This study investigated the effects of different dietary intake levels on skeletal muscles. Sheep was randomly assigned to 3 feeding groups: 1) the maintenance diet (M), 2) 1.4 x the maintenance diet (1.4M), and 3) 2.15 x the maintenance diet (2.15M). Before slaughtering the ani...

Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) play an important role in normal growth and brain development and protect brain cells from several forms of injury. The effects of IGFs are mediated by type-I and type-II receptors and modulated by potentially six specific binding proteins that form high-affinity complexes with IGFs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and under most cir...

Partial denervation or paralysis of adult skeletal muscle is followed by nerve sprouting, probably due to release of diffusible sprout-inducing activity by inactive muscle. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and IFG2) are candidates for muscle-derived sprouting activity, because (a) they induce neurite growth from peripheral neurons in vitro; and (b) their mRNA levels in adult skeletal muscle in...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation. It remains elusive how these mutually exclusive cellular responses are elicited by the same growth factor. Here we report that whereas IGF promotes myoblast differentiation under normoxia, it stimulates proliferation under hypoxia. Hypoxia activates the HIF-1 transcriptional program and knockdown of HIF-1al...

The main disorders of human pregnancy are rooted in defective placentation. Normal placental development depends on proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of cytotrophoblasts to form and maintain an overlying syncytiotrophoblast. There is indirect evidence that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are aberrant in pregnancy disorders, are involved in regulating trophoblast turnover,...

BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are implicated in many normal physiological processes and pathological states, including cancer. For large consortia projects, it may be necessary to make comparisons among studies with different specimens that were not collected specifically to optimize the measurement of IGFs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare IGFs in matched serum and plasm...

In the human circulation, the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) circulate as part of a growth hormone-dependent 125- to 150-kDa complex. This complex has been postulated to contain, in addition to IGFs and one or more IGF-binding proteins, an acid-labile subunit (ALS) which does not itself bind IGFs. In this study, the ALS has been purified 1600-fold from human serum, and its binding propertie...

The physiological roles of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are distinct, with insulin acting to regulate cellular uptake and metabolism of fuels, whereas IGFs promote cell growth, survival and differentiation. The only components of signalling pathways known to be unique to insulin and IGFs are their respective receptors, and even these display substantial structural and function...

Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF I and II) are polypeptides with both growth-promoting and insulin-like metabolic effects. Immunoreactive IGF I is present in the retina and both IGF I and II are present in vitreal fluid. The type I and type II IGF receptors are also localized within the neural retina. The presence of IGFs and IGF receptors within the eye suggests a possible growth-prom...

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are potent anabolic agents, structurally related to insulin, that can influence growth processes in virtually every system of the body. Unlike insulin, these peptides associate with distinct binding proteins present in serum and other biological fluids as well as in medium conditioned by cultured cells. The IGFs are pleiotropic in activity and near ubiquit...