The presented economic model estimated costs and benefits of a novel in vitro diagnostic kit for infective endocarditis (IE), developed by Hutman Diagnostics AG (Basel, Switzerland). This new product applies molecular diagnostics to detect bacteria in cardiac tissue faster (see Fig. 1). The focus of the model is set on the diagnostic procedures of Endocardi-Gene ® Tissue (Fig. 1) and of the gol...

This paper examines the behaviour of firms over time using different economic models as a basis for setting price. A simulation model was created in order to examine the behaviour of the economic models over time. The paper examines the behaviour of a firm using two standard neoclassical economic models: a model built on the principle of marginalism, ie. the firm produces at the point where mar...

background and objective: high-level gentamicin resistance (hlgr: mic ≥ 500 µg/ml) in enterococci is mediated by aminoglycoside modifying enzymes which is mainly encoded by aac(6′)-ie-aph(2′′)-ia gene. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of   aac(6′)-ie-aph(2′′)-ia gene in clinical isolates of enterococcus facium and enterococcus faecalis collected from hospitals in northwest of...

Given that the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 is expected to generate forces toward physician-hospital integration, this study examined an understudied, albeit important, area of costs incurred in physician-hospital integration. Such costs were analyzed through 24 semi-structured interviews with physicians and hospital administrators in a multiple-case, indu...

The Industrial Ecology (IE) is a new interdisciplinary field focused on sustainable development. IE aims to the shifting of industrial processes from open-loop systems where different resources move through a system to become wastes to a closed-loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes. This paper introduces a Green Virtual Enterprise (GVE) model as an emerging sustainable manufa...

Background and Purpose Cost-effectiveness analyses of stroke management are hampered by paucity of economic data. We made an update of the direct and indirect costs of stroke in Sweden (population, 8.5 million). Methods Direct costs (ie, the costs for hospital and outpatient care and social services) were estimated on the basis of two prospective population-based studies of stroke and of two na...

Indonesia’s rapidly growing mega-urban regions of Jabotabek (Jakarta Extended Metropolitan Region), Bandung and Surabaya each have a large socially and economically heterogeneous population. As a result, substantial spatial and socio-economic inequalities in child mortality risk exist. A means for policy makers to address these differentials is to increase the utilization of trained birth assis...

As widely evidenced in the past decades, level of “humanity's metabolism” is unsustainable and must be reduced. It especially related to issues, such as availability resources, impacts transportation, waste management, external costs that could adversely affect economic environmental scenario at a global level. In transition circular economy (CE), moving from insights industrial ecology (IE) “b...