The 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/ College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines for HER2 immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing in breast cancer address the potential impact of several " knowns " (eg, effect of fixative composition and fixation time). 1,2 However, data continue to be generated that shed further light on the impact of "...

The Reticulum Cell Sarcoma (RCS)' is a spontaneous lymphatic tumor of the SJL/J (H-29) mouse, first observed by Murphy (1) in upwards of 90% of SJL/J mice of amean age of 13 .3 mo. RCS tumors are considered B cell lineage neoplasms that exhibit Ig H chain gene rearrangements, but no surface or cytoplasmic Ig (2). Additionally, RCS tumors express IAs MHC-encoded polypeptides (3) . RCS tumors req...

Malaria parasites reside inside erythrocytes and the disease manifestations are linked to the growth inside infected erythrocytes (IE). The growth of the parasite is mostly confined to the trophozoite stage during which nuclear division occurs followed by the formation of cell bodies (schizogony). The mechanism and regulation of schizogony are poorly understood. Here we show a novel role for a ...

Using Ephestia kuehniella larvae as hosts, invert emulsion (IE) and an aqueous suspension (AS) of Beauveria bassiana (isolate IR34-JS2) and Metarhizium anisopliae (isolate IR41-TT1) formulations were compared when stored for three months at either 3 °C or 25 °C. Initially, IE formulations of isolates JS2 and TT1 were 13- and 14-fold more virulent than AS formulations, based on their LC50 values...

Clostridium difficile toxin B (269 kDa), which is one of the causative agents of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, inactivates Rho GTPases by glucosylation. Here we studied the uptake and membrane interaction of the toxin with eukaryotic target cells. Bafilomycin A1, which prevents acidification of endosomal compartments, blocked the cellular uptake of toxin B in Chin...

We investigated 18 sets of blood donors from 12 to 50 months after they donated blood to recipients who subsequently developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Within each donor set, only one donor was suspected of having transmitted the disease (ie, member of an AIDS risk group). The other donors (n = 189) were not risk group members and served as controls. A number of laboratory...

It is not clearly understood why some monoclonal antibodies bind to their antigens informalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections but others do not. To address this question, we analyzed the protein epitopes of 9 monoclonal antibodies that are immunoreactive after formalin fixation and antigen retrieval. We identified the antibody contact sites by using phage display and synthesized corres...

Abstract Objectives Durvalumab (Imfinzi ® ), a PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) medication is available as concentrate (50 mg/mL) for solution infusion. The summary of product characteristics provides information about the physicochemical stability ready-to-administer durvalumab preparations (vehicle 0.9 % NaCl, G5%), but not after first opening. objective this study was to determine opening ove...

The convergence of communications and information technology within education, as well as more widely, means that concepts developed within ITS & AIED are now applicable to a wider range of wired, and more interestingly 'wireless', technologies. Interactive TV, supported by broadband broadcasting, offers interesting possibilities for education. The use of TV (and radio) in education has a long ...