We propose a formalism for representation of finite languages, referred to as the class of IDL-expressions, which combines concepts that were only considered in isolation in existing formalisms. The suggested applications are in natural language processing, more specifically in surface natural language generation and in machine translation, where a sentence is obtained by first generating a lar...

Interactive distance learning (IDL) is an evolving paradigm of instruction and learning that attempts to overcome both distance and time constraints found in traditional classroom learning. The electronic classrooms at two sites of the University of Oslo and two further sites in Norway overcome separations in space by exchanging digital audio, video, and whiteboard information via the Norwegian...

The Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation NETwork (IUGONET) project focuses on handling ground-based observational data of the upper atmosphere. To this end, the project members have been developing a data analysis software package which is based on Interactive Data Language (IDL). Filling the spatial gaps in observational data requires the use of numerical models. In this paper,...

Launching large (> 1 g) well-characterized projectiles to velocities beyond $${10}\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$$ is of interest for a number scientific fields, but the reach current hypervelocity launcher technology. This paper reports development an explosively driven light-gas gun that has demonstrated ability launch 8-mm-diameter 0.36-g magnesium $${10.4}\,\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$$ . The implosion-dr...

Peptide ligands play crucial roles in the life cycle of plants by modulating the innate immunity against pathogens and regulating growth and developmental processes. One well-studied example is INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), which controls floral organ abscission and lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis thaliana. IDA belongs to a family of five additional IDA-LIKE (IDL) members t...

The first part of the Real-time CORBA Tutorial will present: Real-time CORBA 1.0 specification for static fixed priority systems; The impact of the Extensible Transport Framework CORBA specification as it relates to the use of RT CORBA; The Smart Transducer specification for low-cost, highly-deterministic closed-loop real-time control; Detailed code examples and illustrations of the use of prio...

OBJECTIVE Infiltration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into subendothelial space is an early step in atherosclerosis. In addition to LDL particles, small very low-density lipoprotein (sVLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles are also able to enter the arterial intima and be retained within the subendothelial extracellular matrix. Here we compared how proteolysis with alpha-c...

Distributed applications are complex by nature, so it is essential that there be effective software development tools to aid in the construction of these programs. Commonplace “middleware” tools, however, often impose a tradeoff between programmer productivity and application performance. For instance, many CORBA IDL compilers generate code that is too slow for high-performance systems. More im...

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the final step of floral organ abscission is regulated by INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA): ida mutants fail to abscise floral organs, and plants overexpressing IDA display earlier abscission. We show that five IDA-LIKE (IDL) genes are expressed in different tissues, but plants overexpressing these genes have phenotypes similar to IDA-overexpressing plants, s...

For the development of CORBA applications, an IDL compiler is needed that generates code for communication stubs, helper classes and implementation skeletons. For each IDL language mapping, for every version of a particular language mapping, and for every CORBA implementation, the generated code has to be different. Typically many different compilers have to be programmed because the code gener...