let $r$ be a commutative ring with identity. an ideal $i$ of a ring $r$is called an annihilating ideal if there exists $rin rsetminus {0}$ such that $ir=(0)$ and an ideal $i$ of$r$ is called an essential ideal if $i$ has non-zero intersectionwith every other non-zero ideal of $r$. thesum-annihilating essential ideal graph of $r$, denoted by $mathcal{ae}_r$, isa graph whose vertex set is the set...

in this note we consider the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and obtain related results. then we classify this notion according to level sets. after that we determine the relationships between intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) hyper k-ideals. finally, we define the notion of the product of two intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) du...

the sociology of law is concerned with explaining the relationship between law and society and studying of the social organization of law (as an order or a system), the social interactions of legal practitioners and people in this area and the meaning that people actually give to sociolegal realities. among the founding fathers of sociology, max weber is one of the most famous thinkers that eve...

In this paper we define new types of bipolar fuzzy ideals, almost ideals in $\Gamma$-semigroups. We discussed properties minimal ideal, ideal Moreover, prove connection between and

This paper presents a research on ideal interaction techniques for augmented reality systems. They have been determined for two different settings. In the ‘lab setting’, the ideal technique should enable the user to work precisely with multiple virtual objects by using real objects, to input large amounts of different types of data. In the ‘action-outdoors setting’, the ideal technique should n...

in this paper, various elementary properties of vague rings are obtained. furthermore, the concepts of vague subring, vague ideal, vague prime ideal and vague maximal ideal are introduced, and the validity of some relevant classical results in these settings are investigated.

notions of strongly regular, regular and left(right) regular $gamma$−semigroupsare introduced. equivalent conditions are obtained through fuzzy notion for a$gamma$−semigroup to be either strongly regular or regular or left regular.

The overall scope of this project funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE) is to recommend means of reducing barriers to the wide spread use of lighting controls for commercial/industrial (C/I) applications using fluorescent systems. It is important to note that this project is focused on load-shed applications and photoelectric dimming where energy savings and energy management are of centr...

Negative emotions, like distress, frustration or anger have been shown to impair the human-computer interaction (HCI). Previous research indicates that computers can reduce some of these negative emotional states in users by applying affective interventions. Until now, studies mainly measured the effectiveness of such interventions, but it is still poorly understood why these are effective and ...