A large population of citizens have single-peaked preferences over a one-dimensional convex policy space with independently and identically distributed ideal points. They are partitioned into disjoint constituencies C1, . . . , Cm. Collective decisions are determined either in a directly democratic fashion and the implemented policy XD corresponds to the ideal point of the (issue-specific) popu...

nowadays, media is under domination of political regime & capitalist system that leads media to unsuitable status and malfunctions. so there is not any reasonable definition of ideal function. rate of social changes challenges any interaction between media & social context. discursive point of view reveals media identification crisis & its instrumental function. considering media competencies &...

In this paper, real options theory is utilized to evaluate the effect of uncertain electricity and CO2 costs on speculation conduct. Methodologically, the allegiance of the newspaper in this appreciation is that uncertainty is not just stopped down as far as stochastic processes and their fluctuation, additionally as far as expected and acknowledged procedures, i.e. the procedures, w...

OBJECT An optimal entry point for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) helps protect critical structures from undue manipulation. A commonly accepted ideal entry point is 3 cm from the midline and 1 cm anterior to the coronal suture. The authors of this study reexamine this ideal entry point. METHODS Trajectory views from MR images or CT scans used for cranial image guidance in 53 patients ...

Artificial discontinuity is a kind of singularity at a parametric point in computing the Gröbner basis of a specialized parametric ideal w.r.t. a certain term order. When it occurs, though parameters change continuously at the point and the properties of the parametric ideal have no sudden changes, the Gröbner basis will still have a jump at the parametric point. This phenomenon can cause insta...

reviewing zoroastrian teachings and his religious beliefs reveals a chance to represent a type of ethical discourse in the majesty of kingdom. the starting point of such an ethical discourse can be traced back in theological beliefs and ethical wisdom of this first iranian theologian, so as in zoroastrian theological teachings a set of obligatory principles is provided to relatively organize po...

The easiest geometric object in affine or projective space is a single rational point. It has no secrets, in particular its defining ideal, i.e. the set of all the polynomials which vanish at the point, is straightforward to describe. Namely, for an affine point with coordinates (a1, . . . , an), the corresponding ideal is p = (x1 − a1, . . . , xn − an); while for a projective point with coordi...

An ideal detector is derived for the discrimination of arbitrary stimuli in the two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. The ideal detector's performance is assumed to be limited only by quantal fluctuations, the optics of the eye, and the size and spacing of the receptors in the retinal mosaic. Detailed predictions are presented for two-point acuity and hyperacuity tasks. The ideal detector's t...

This article compares two fuzzy approaches to land suitability evaluations, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Ideal Point. The methods were evaluated using a case study which models the opportunities for wheat production under irrigation conditions in the north-western region of Jeffara Plain, Libya. A number of relevant soil and landscape criteria were identified through a review of the l...