Agonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) constitute one drug class being evaluated as candidate analgesics. Previous preclinical studies have implicated α4β2 and α7 nAChRs as potential mediators of the antinociceptive effects of (–)-nicotine hydrogen tartrate (nicotine) and other nAChR agonists; however, these studies have relied exclusively on measures of pain-stimulated behavior...

In the combined use of bronchodilators of different classes, ie, long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), bronchodilation is obtained both directly, through LABA-mediated stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors, and indirectly, through LAMA-mediated inhibition of acetylcholine action at muscarinic receptors. The clinical trial data for LABAs/LAMAs in the tr...

Cannabidiol is a non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, which induces central effects in rodents. It has been shown that cannabidiol attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. However, to the best of our knowledge, its effects on brain stimulation reward and the reward-facilitating effects of drugs of abuse have not yet been examined. Therefore, we investigated the eff...

Feature extraction plays an important role in constructing artificial intelligence (AI) models of industrial control systems (ICSs). Three challenges this field are learning effective representation from high-dimensional features, data heterogeneity, and noise due to the diversity dimensions, formats sensors, controllers actuators. Hence, a novel unsupervised autoencoder model is proposed for I...

For the past decade, manufacturing Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) have suffered from targeted attacks against their physical system and control integrity, resulting in financial material losses. Among protective answers to this malicious threat, Anomaly Detection (ADS) based on behavioral models of ICS are highly regarded for ability detect zero-day attacks. However, design accurate non-obso...

Entitled: Transient release of dopamine in response to rewarding stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Psychology) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. _________20___ ______Brian Lewis___________________________ Dean...

Predicting reward is essential in learning approach behaviors. Dopaminergic activity has been implicated in reward, movement, and cognitive processes, all essential elements in learning. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) receives converging inputs from corticolimbic information-processing areas and from mesolimbic dopamine neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area. Previously, we reported tha...

BACKGROUND The frequent use of corticosteroid inhalers (CSIs), especially at higher doses, has been accompanied by concern about both systemic and local adverse reactions. The local adverse reactions of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are considered to constitute infrequent and minor problems. However, while not usually serious, these local adverse reactions are of clinical importance. This stud...