This paper describes how an intelligent agent can locate itself from iconic memory of scenes. Omnidirectional images of the environment at a number of reference points are memorized as signs of the local areas. Similarity of the omnidirectional views at different locations in a small area decreases with their distance. The agent can thereby nds the current local area by examining the similariti...

The Span of Apprehension task represents a putative cognitive vulnerability marker for schizophrenia. To investigate the nature of the scanning deficits on the Span of Apprehension shown by patients with paranoid schizophrenia a wide visual angle partial report version of the task was administered to 18 paranoid schizophrenics and 18 normal controls. An analysis of scan paths, based upon target...

To work productively in an interactive workspace, users need effective interfaces to seamlessly share, annotate, and juxtapose digital information across heterogeneous devices. Building on an existing infrastructure for interactive workspaces, we developed an interaction design that uses an iconic representation of a workspace to enable application relocation and input redirection tasks to be p...

A weightless neural state machine acting as an exploratory automaton changes its position in a simulated toy world by its own actions. A popular question is asked: how might the automaton ‘become conscious of’ the effect of its own actions? Here we develop previously defined iconic learning in such weightless machines so that this knowledge can be achieved. Weightlessness, iconic learning are e...

OBJECTIVE An experiment investigated the efficacy of auditory icons as warning signals in an aviation context. BACKGROUND Iconic signals, such as a cough to signal dangerous levels of carbon monoxide, convey information about the nature of an incident and alert the operator that there is a problem, whereas signals that are arbitrarily associated with a critical incident provide relatively les...

A series of experiments demonstrated that a 5-s train of clicks that have been shown in previous studies to increase the subjective duration of tones they precede (in a manner consistent with "speeding up" timing processes) could also have an effect on information-processing rate. Experiments used studies of simple and choice reaction time (Experiment 1), or mental arithmetic (Experiment 2). In...

Although the problems on Raven’s Progressive Matrices intelligence tests resemble geometric analogies, studies of human behavior suggest the existence of two qualitatively distinct types of strategies: verbal strategies that use propositional representations and visual strategies that use iconic representations. However, all prior computational models implemented to solve these tests have model...

Wilhelm Wundt, whose name is rarely associated with the scientific study of memory, conducted a number of memory experiments that appear to have escaped the awareness of modern cognitive psychologists. Aspects of Wundt's system are reviewed, particularly with respect to his experimental work on memory. Wundt investigated phenomena that would fall under the modern headings of iconic memory, shor...

Iconic memory is operationally defined by part-report experiments (Sperling, 1960). If a mask is presented after the target, the mask is thought to be superposed on the target in the iconic representation, or to displace it from the representation. But could a cue presented after a pattern mask still allow selection within the target array? A target array of letters was followed by a checkerboa...