Abstract Cave biodiversity and ecosystems are underexplored. To guide conservation needs for visitor management, we surveyed the 2,158 m long Danial in northern Iran vertebrate fauna. We identified four mammalian two amphibian species cave: greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum , Blasius's blasii lesser mouse-eared myotis Myotis blythii Hyrcanian field mouse Apodemus hyrcanicus wood f...

Seasonal fluctuations play an important role in the pricing of a timber sale. A good understanding price mechanisms and predictability market would be very practical for forest owners, managers, investors, is crucial correct functioning sector. This research aimed to analyze effect sale season on (sawlog lumber) prices high-value species groups (e.g., oriental beech, chestnut-leaved oak, common...

Calculating the factor of safety (FS) as slope stability is necessary to prevent environmental damage. Therefore, this paper aims (i) calculate FS using limit equilibrium approaches and Slide software (ii) investigate slopes according calculated (Janbu Bishop methods) status different sites in study area (Hyrcanian forest Iran). Six landslides were selected along road by a field survey. Landsli...

The Hyrcanian forests of Iran contain many species-rich communities that can only be maintained through an understanding the renewal and development these forests. Located in Jojadeh section Farim forest northern Iran, individual tree growth five distinct species [(Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia Coss. ex J.Gay), Persian maple (Acer velutinum...