The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ that secretes the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are, in turn, under the influence of the TSH and the TRH. Though hyperand hypothyroidism remain the common clinically manifesting condition of the thyroid, in some cases, the patient remains symptomless with either excess or decrease in thyroxine levels, along with normal TSH level...

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ that secretes the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are, in turn, under the influence of the TSH and the TRH. Though hyperand hypothyroidism remain the common clinically manifesting condition of the thyroid, in some cases, the patient remains symptomless with either excess or decrease in thyroxine levels, along with normal TSH level...

In women, both hyperand hypo-thyroidism may result in menstrual disturbances. In hyperthyroidism the most common manifestations are simple oligomenorrhea and anovulatory cycles. Hypothyroidism results in changes in cycle length, amount of bleeding, and usually is associated with abnormal menstrual cycles characterized mainly by polymenorrhea and anovulatory cycles (Krassas et al., 1999). Also s...

Studies were performed to assess the role of combined selenium and iodine deficiency in the etiology of endemic myxedematous cretinism in a population in Zaire. One effect of selenium deficiency may be to lower glutathione peroxidase activity in the thyroid gland, thus allowing hydrogen peroxide produced during thyroid hormone synthesis to be cytotoxic. In selenium-and-iodine-deficient humans, ...

background: thyroid function disorders, particularly congenital hypothyroidism (cht), are important endocrine dysfunctions associated with permanent morbidities. cht is more prevalent among preterm low-birth-weight neonates compared to term infants with normal weight. methods: this prospective cohort study was conducted on 126 very-low-birth-weight (vlbw) neonates referred to the neonatal inten...

The maternal endocrine system is essential for optimal fetal development, and normal endocrine mechanisms are temporarily supplanted during pregnancy. Transplacental transfer of thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in fetal neurodevelopment throughout ontogeny, especially before mid-gestation when fetal thyroid synthesis becomes significant. Thus, normal maternal thyroid hormone function is ess...