Events of regional-scale vegetation mortality appear to be increasing in a variety of biomes throughout the Earth and are frequently associated with increased temperatures, droughts, and often (but not always) with outbreaks of biotic agents such as insects and pathogens (for review, see Allen et al., 2010; Supplemental Information S1). The precise physiological mechanisms underlying plant mort...

Drought-induced tree mortality has been observed worldwide. Nevertheless, the physiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still being debated. Potted Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis saplings were subjected to drought and their hydraulic failure and carbon starvation responses were studied. They underwent simulated fast drought (FD) and slow drought (SD) until death. ...

In the last decade, a sporadic tree health syndrome affecting high-density apple plantings in North America has become known as Rapid Apple Decline (RAD) or Sudden (SAD). The affected trees were typically grafted on small dwarfing rootstocks, often displayed necrosis at graft union, and suffered from sudden mortality that occurred over 2–3 weeks amid growing season gradual decline. 2019 2020, w...

There are several strategies for maintenance and repairing of devices in industry. However, they are still confronted with many uncertainties. A hydraulic lifting device after ten years of working in a technical center in Isfahan is faced with uncertainty in terms of reliability. Being able to know the reliability of pieces means predicting failure occurrences, which is accomplished by conditio...

Hazardous environments are an important application of modern robotic techniques. However, failures can be quite serious in such environments, especially if they trap the robot within or damage containment efforts. Thus robust early fault detection is especially important for such robots. In this paper we discuss the application of one such method, analytical redundancy, to a hydraulic system s...