Hybrid vehiclE's arE.> increa..-;ingly common in the passenger car marketplace and in commercial applications such as dE>livery trucks and transit busses. ThE>se hybrids an' justifiable due to tl10ir inCI·eascd fuel efficiency ru1d thf' associated cost benefit. It is remarkable then, that there are no deployed military hybrid vehicles when fuel costs as high as $100 per liter are common in the ...

A fuel-cycle model—called the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model—has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate well-to-wheels (WTW) energy and emission impacts of motor vehicle technologies fueled with various transportation fuels. The new GREET version has up-to-date information regarding energy use and emissions for fuel produ...

The open vehicle routing problem (OVRP) is a variance of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) that has a unique character which is its open path form. This means that the vehicles are not required to return to the depot after completing service. Because this problem belongs to the NP-hard problems, many metaheuristic approaches like the ant colony optimization (ACO) have been used to solve OVRP in...

This paper presents a design procedure for an adaptive power management control strategy based on a driving cycle recognition algorithm. The design goal of the control strategy is to minimize fuel consumption and engine-out NOx, HC and CO emissions on a set of diversified driving schedules. Seven facility-specific drive cycles are considered to represent different driving scenarios. For each fa...

With MTU‘s Hybrid Powerpack, up to 25 percent less fuel consumption and emissionfree travel are possible. That is why Deutsche Bahn and MTU are currently testing a Series 642 commuter railcar driven by the prototype of a Hybrid Powerpack developed by MTU. The purpose of the test is to demonstrate that this technology is suitable for day-to-day operations and has ecological and economic advantag...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles HIGHLIGHTS PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS – A hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle equipped with either an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electrical motor powered by electrical batteries. In 1997, Toyota sold in Japan the first modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius. Today’s HEVs are an emerging technology in the automotive market, with manufacture...

Most energy management systems for hybrid electric vehicles rely on information stored in lookup tables, to define the current mode of operation under certain circumstances. In this paper it is demonstrated how the theory of hybrid optimal control can be used to calculate an initial parameter set for the calibration of parallel hybrid electric vehicles. After solving a hybrid optimal control pr...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are hybrid electric vehicles that can be fueled from both conventional liquid fuels and grid electricity. To represent the total contribution of both of these fuels to the operation, energy use, and environmental impacts of PHEVs, researchers have developed the concept of the utility factor. As standardized in documents such as SAE J1711 and SAE J2841, t...

Hybrid electric vehicles are seen as a solution to improving fuel economy and reducing pollution emissions from automobiles. By recovering kinetic energy during braking and optimizing the engine operation to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, a hybrid vehicle can outperform a traditional vehicle. In designing a hybrid vehicle, the task of finding optimal component sizes and an appropriate c...