Crimean-Congo fever is a hemorrhagic viral disease transmitted by ticks; however that it is a Zoonosis disease of both human and animals but it also is also a threat to human health. The disease is an endemic of African, European and Asian countries. The objective of this study was to determine the species and distribution of ticks infesting domestic ruminants in Gonabad city in one year and to...

Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of Anaplasma, poses important economic constraints to animal breeders. Ehrlichiosis is a worldwide zoonosis illness and mostly occurs in tropical and subtropical regions that are close to the vector’s distribution. Tick-borne pathogens lead to over 100,000 cases of illness in the world each year. Besides the costs of the additional veterinary ca...

BACKGROUND Hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals which become popular in the world and have important role in transmission of zoonotic agents. Thus, the present study aimed to survey ectoparasite infestation from April 2010 to December 2011 in urban and suburban parts of Urmia and Tabriz Cities, Northwest of Iran. METHODS A total number of 84 hedgehogs (40 females and 44 males) were examined...

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological infestation and identification of Ixodidae and Argasidae ticks species in buffalo of different parts of district Khairpur, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 720 Water buffaloes from three tehsils (subdivisions) were selected randomly and examined from organized and unorganized dairy farms for tick infestation in district ...

BACKGROUND: Taxonomy and identification of the ticks in the genus Hyalomma, the most significant vectors of animal and human pathogen agents, have always been debatable. Scientists believe that variation within the taxa of the genus Hyalomma is the most important factor which causes misidentification. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to identify valuable characters for male H. anatolicu...

In the last decades researchers had focused on developing a vaccine against tick based on protective antigen. Recombinant vaccines based on concealed antigen from Boophilus microplus have been developed in Australia and Cuba by the name of TICKGARD and GAVAC (De La Fuente and Kocan, 2006). Further studies on this antigen have shown some extent of protection against other species (De Vos et al.,...

The introduction of TNF inhibitors more than a decade ago marked the beginning of an exciting era in the management of RA. Despite the development of biologics with alternative modes of action, TNF inhibitors remain today the most widely prescribed class of biologics for RA. However, tuberculosis (TB) is a major safety concern with TNF inhibitors. The risk of active TB is increased up to 56-fol...

This report was prepared from shipboard files by scientists who participated in the cruise. The report was assembled under time constraints and does not contain all works and findings that will appear in the DISCLAIMER Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Scien...