The present study tested the hypothesis that habitual exercisers demonstrate an increased accuracy of regulation of food intake in compensation for previous dietary energy intake. Twenty-three lean healthy male subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of their habitual exercise levels: non-exercisers (no exercise sessions/week, n 9), and exercisers (>two exercise sessions of 40 min or...

Effective strategies to combat recent rises in obesity levels are limited. The accumulation of excess body fat results when energy intake exceeds that expended. Energy balance is controlled by hypothalamic responses, but these can be overridden by hedonic/reward brain systems. This override, combined with unprecedented availability of cheap, energy-dense, palatable foods, may partly explain the...

BACKGROUND An impaired ability to compensate for calories and increased eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been associated with increased energy intake and weight gain in unrelated children. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to compare caloric compensation [the percentage compensation index (%COMPX)] and EAH in weight-discordant siblings aged 5-12 y. DESIGN In a crossover, behavi...

Previous research has suggested that sensory characteristics of a drink modify the acute satiating effects of its nutrients, with enhanced satiety being evident when a high-energy drink was thicker and tasted creamier. The present study tested whether this modulation of satiety by sensory context was altered by repeated consumption. Participants (n 48) consumed one of four drinks mid-morning on...

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that experimental manipulations of oral processing can have a marked effect on energy intake. Here, we explored whether variations in oral processing across a range of unmodified everyday meals could affect post-meal fullness and meal size. In Study 1, female participants (N = 12) attended the laboratory over 20 lunchtime sessions to consume a 400-kcal porti...

We read with interest the excellent Series paper by Alexander Ford and colleagues1Ford AC Mahadeva S Carbone MF Lacy BE Talley NJ Functional dyspepsia.Lancet. 2020; 396: 1689-1702Summary Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar describing epidemiology, pathophysiology, management of functional dyspepsia. commend authors for establishing a timely informative overview this disorder. collea...

Studies on leadership have focused either on physiological state as the key predictor (i.e. "leading according to need"), or else on temperamental asymmetries among group members (i.e. intrinsic leadership). In this paper, we explore how both factors interact in determining the emergence of leaders. We observed pairs of sticklebacks with varying degrees of temperamental difference, and recorded...

Economic decisions arise from evaluation of alternative actions in contexts of motivation and memory. In the predatory sea-slug Pleurobranchaea the economic decisions of foraging are found to occur by the workings of a simple, affectively controlled homeostat with learning abilities. Here, the neuronal circuit relations for approach-avoidance choice of Pleurobranchaea are expressed and tested i...

Coordination of metabolism in and between our various tissues is the cornerstone of life. The activities of many of the steps in metabolism are controlled by circulating hormones, the most prominent of these being the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon. Control of the rates of secretion of these two peptides is necessary to assure a stable inner milieu, allowing us to adjust our metabolis...