Water molecules are constrained to move with K+ ions through the narrow part of the Streptomyces lividans K+ channel because of the single-file nature of transport. In the presence of an osmotic gradient, a water molecule requires <10 ps to cross the purified protein reconstituted into planar bilayers. Rinsing K+ out of the channel, water may be 1,000 times faster than the fastest experimentall...

We present a comprehensive study that integrates experimental and theoretical nonequilibrium techniques to map energy landscapes along well defined pull-axis specific coordinates to elucidate mechanisms of protein unfolding. Single-molecule force-extension experiments along two different axes of photoactive yellow protein combined with nonequilibrium statistical mechanical analysis and atomisti...

The behavior of atoms in high quantum levels is generally well understood— in principle. For sufficiently large values of the principle quantum number, discrete levels that would exist for an isolated atom, do not. They are said to be dissolved, or quenched by perturbations from surrounding atoms and ions. In practice, the calculation of relevant atomic properties can become quite involved, esp...

BubR1 kinase is essential for the mitotic checkpoint and also for kinetochores to establish microtubule attachments. In this study, we report that BubR1 is phosphorylated in mitosis on four residues that differ from sites recently reported to be phosphorylated by Plk1 (Elowe, S., S. Hummer, A. Uldschmid, X. Li, and E.A. Nigg. 2007. Genes Dev. 21:2205-2219; Matsumura, S., F. Toyoshima, and E. Ni...

The synthesis of graphene oxide-coated mesoporous silica (MS_GO) with the template surfactant (Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) CTAB has been carried out. effect combining and oxide was studied by knowing bonds, functional groups crystalline structures. Functional C=O C=C were formed at wave numbers 1,722, 1,617 1,647 cm−1, respectively, as a characteristic GO compounds. XRD data showed that MS_...

This paper describes the establishment of free-standing rolled graphene oxide (roll-GO) and polypyrrole (Ppy) using a modified Hummer method oxidative polymerization. Then, photodetector was created by removing thin film from filter attaching it to tape. The chemical structure roll-GO confirmed XRD FTIR analysis, while SEM TEM showed that in nature. material had small bandgap 2.4 eV high curren...

Sport Utility Vehicles, or “SUVs”, are among the most dangerous products ever placed in the hands of American consumers.1 These vehicles have been killing their drivers and passengers in rollover crashes for years.2 However, there is a growing awareness of the lethal injuries and catastrophic damage that SUVs cause to other vehicles and their occupants.3 When an SUV crashes into a passenger car...

By simulating the convection in the upper layers of seven diierent stars and matching these simulations to 1D mixing-length models using the same input physics, we have been able to infer the behaviour of the T-relation and the mixing-length parameter, , as the stellar parameters change. We have then used this knowledge in stellar evolution calculations, in order to investigate the consequences...

Active antennas (AAs) are a class of radiation system that integrates an antenna and backing active circuits which results in considerable reduction in complexity of the matching networks and filters [1]. This is done by carefully designing the radiating element to provide proper load for active elements. Hummer and Chang have investigated active antenna elements using a microstrip patch antenn...

1 VISSIM Microsimulation 2 3 4 5 6 Bastian J. Schroeder, Ph.D., P.E.* 7 Assistant Director, Highway Systems, ITRE1 8 Tel.: (919) 515-8565; Email: [email protected] 9 10 Katayoun Salamati, Ph.D. 11 Post-Doctoral Research Scholar, ITRE1 12 Tel.: (919) 515-9349; Email: [email protected] 13 14 Joseph Hummer, Ph.D., P.E. 15 Chair, Civil and Environmental Engineering, WSU2 16 Tel.: (313...