Surface exposure dating (SED) is an innovative tool being already widely applied for moraine dating and for Late Quaternary glacier and climate reconstruction. Here we present exposure ages of 28 boulders from the Cordillera Real and the Cordillera Cochabamba, Bolivia. Our results indicate that the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 5 in the Eastern Cordilleras occurred at ∼22–25 ka and thus sync...

the weaknesses of the traditional climatic classification methods in presenting the climatic realities of caspian region and showing the new methods' merits based on multivariate statistical methods, and geographical information system in presenting the climatic regions of caspian, are among the most important ideas of conducting this study. to do so, we used the data of synoptic stations ...

We simulate the effect of climate change on water requirements of cold seasonwheat in various climatic zones of Iran. The research considers both observedclimate (temperature and precipitation) changes during recent decades (1960-2009)based on instrumental records and projected future changes to 2100 based on theMAGICC/SCENGEN 5.3 compound model. 20 General Circulation models are usedbased on a...

A pollen record from Lago Condorito (41 45’S, 73 07’W) shows prominent vegetation and climate changes at millennial time-scales, superimposed on multimillennial trends in temperature and westerly activity in northwest Patagonia during the past 15 000 yr. The record shows that evergreen temperate rainforests have dominated the landscape over this interval, with floristic changes ranging from col...

To study the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of eastern Beijing Plain, this paper, based on particle size analysis sporopollen analysis, constructs a sediment chronological framework. Combining with previous research outcomes, it reveals evolution process rules Plain. The shows that climate environment Plain has changed from humid cold, warm to dry cool, which provides some basis for studying...

Based on a great number of literatures, we established the database about the Chinese endemic seed plants and analyzed the compositions, growth form, distribution and angiosperm original families of them within three big natural areas and seven natural regions. The results indicate that the above characters of Chinese endemic plants take on relative rule at the different geographical scales. Am...

expanded abstract introduction in general, loess sediments are one of the most widespread forms of eolian sediments. during the past few decades, loess stratigraphy studies played key role in global climate changes. these sediments are usually yellowish in color and silt makes 70 to 90 percent of it volume. in iran, loesses outcrop often in northeast of south caspian sea. the previous studies r...

Climate is the most important factor which control desertification .In order to detect climate changes in desert zones, time trend analysis is applied to extreme indices in Kashan station using extreme climate index software (ECIS). Results show significant trends in extreme indices during the past decade 1995-2004 and the pronounced warming is associated with a negative trend in cold extremes....

Analysis of stacked Permo-Pennsylvanian palaeosols from north-central Texas documents the influence of palaeolandscape position on pedogenesis in aggradational depositional settings. Palaeosols of the Eastern shelf of the Midland basin exhibit stratigraphic trends in the distribution of soil horizons, structure, rooting density, clay mineralogy and colour that record long-term changes in soil-f...

Because of the differences between indoor and outdoor thermal condition, preparing some outdoor thermal indices is a way to understand and categorize the outdoor thermal sensation. The aim of these indices is not to provide thermal comfort - as it is the aim of indoor indices. Instead, they are provided to analyze outdoor thermal sensation to help architects, landscape architects and urban desi...