Process philosophy offers a metaphysical foundation for domestication studies. This grounding is especially important given the European colonialist origin of ‘domestication’ as term and 19th century cultural project. We explore potential process archaeology deep-time investigation relationships, drawing attention to variable pace an ongoing within across taxa; nature ‘syndromes’ ‘pathways’ gen...

At least eight leukocyte interferon genes (IFL) and the single fibroblast interferon gene (IFF) have been located on chromosome 9 in humans. In somatic cell hybrids of human and mouse cells containing a normal complement of mouse parental cell chromosomes but reduced numbers of human chromosomes, the human leukocyte and fibroblast interferon DNA sequences were present only when human chromosome...

In humans over 15% of X-linked genes have been shown to 'escape' from X-chromosome inactivation (XCI): they continue to be expressed to some extent from the inactive X chromosome. Mono-allelic expression is anticipated within a cell for genes subject to XCI, but random XCI usually results in expression of both alleles in a cell population. Using a study of allelic expression from cultured lymph...

Elastic fibres play a crucial function during the process of lung alveolisation. During the perinatal period, any changes in the elastogenic process during foetal development may result in permanent lifetime defects. In pre-natal life, well-developed pulmonary elastic fibres should favor the pre-natal maturation of the lung and an enhanced alveolisation, which in many species, such as humans be...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most ancient diseases of mankind and has co-evolved with humans for several million years [1]. There are also evidences of the presence of the disease in pre-historic Asia, but it was only towards the end of 19th century that the peaks of incidence were observed in India and China [2]. Modern approach for diagnosis and treatment of TB is complicated. Specific per...

Methotrexate is a drug that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ectopic pregnancy and other conditions. Since methotrexate is well known for its teratogenic effects in humans, the present study is conducted to observe its effect on chick embryos. A single injection of 0.012 mg of methotrexate was injected into the yolk sac...

Surveying genome-wide coding variation within and among species gives unprecedented power to study the genetics of adaptation, in particular the proportion of amino acid substitutions fixed by positive selection. Additionally, contrasting the autosomes and the X chromosome holds information on the dominance of beneficial (adaptive) and deleterious mutations. Here we capture and sequence the com...

101 Laparoscopy traces its modern beginnings to the turn of the 19th century. In a 1901 presentation to the 73rd Congress of German Natural Scientists and Physicians, Georg Kelling described the use of lufttamponade (airtamponade) or pneumoperitoneum for management of abdominal bleeding. Kelling used a Nitze cystoscope to observe the intraabdominal effects of lufttamponade on a live dog and cal...

In the course of the 19th century, chemists and physiologists studying the composition of foods and the nutritional requirements of humans and animals found that our diets needed to include the complex nitrogenous compounds called "proteins" (that, with water, form the bulk of our lean tissues), together with fats, starch and sugars that all provide usable energy during their oxidation in the b...

Proteins that normally function in amyloid form are found bacteria, yeast, plants and vertebrates, including humans. In particular, fibrils amyloid-like structures described the germ cells of various organisms. Recently we showed chicken oocytes there some nuclear stained by amyloid-specific dye thioflavin S. Here demonstrate S binds giant terminal RNP aggregates lampbrush chromosomes. However,...