Data pertaining to 20 strains of Yensinia enterocolitica isolated from the cecal content of swine slaughtered at Toronto Abattoirs are presented. Fifteen of 20 cultures belonged to the two predominant human serotypes in Ontario (i.e., serotype O:3 and O:5,27.) Seven cultures of Y. enterocolitica O:3 belonged to the "Canadian" human phage type 9b. These findings are further proof that swine are ...

The etiologic agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, includes two subspecies, of which Y. pestis subsp. microtus contains the strains that cause only occasional diseases in humans that are not accompanied by human-to-human transmission. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 19 Y. pestis strains (across 6 biovars of Y. pestis subsp. microtus).

Y‑27632 is a specific inhibitor of Rho‑associated protein kinases (ROCKs), which are downstream effectors of Rho GTPase. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the specific ROCK inhibitor, Y‑27632, on fresh human embryos and on single blastomeres obtained from discarded human embryos. A total of 784 poor‑quality embryos were included, of which 526 were allocated to blastocyst cultur...

background the hepatitis b virus x (hbx) protein has long been recognized as an important transcriptional transactivator of several genes. human aldo-keto reductase family 1, member c1 (akr1c1), a member of the family of akr1cs, is significantly increased in hbx-expressed cells. objectives this study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of hbx in regulating akr1c1 expression in hepg2.2.1...

The notion of a relation between two sets of objects is quite common and intuitively clear. Let X be the set of all living human females and Y the set of all living human males. The wife-husband relation R can be defined from X to Y . Thus, if x ∈ X and y ∈ Y , then x is related to y by the relation R if x is a wife of y, and we write xRy. To describe the relation R, we may take the collection ...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an inhibitory neuromodulator expressed abundantly in the central nervous system that is suspected of being an endogenous antiepileptic agent that can control propagation of limbic seizures. Electrophysiological and pharmacological data suggest that these actions of NPY are mediated by G protein-coupled NPY Y2 and NPY Y5 receptors. To determine whether the NPY Y5 receptor...

It has long been believed that the male-specific region of the human Y chromosome (MSY) is genetically independent from the X chromosome. This idea has been recently dismissed due to the discovery that X-Y gametologous gene conversion may occur. However, the pervasiveness of this molecular process in the evolution of sex chromosomes has yet to be exhaustively analyzed. In this study, we explore...

All mammals have an XX female:XY male sex chromosome system. The X and Y are thought to have evolved from a homologous pair of autosomes by a process of Y degradation. This process left a small, heterochromatic and gene-poor Y, and a relatively unchanged X chromosome (Ohno, 1967). The origin of the human sex chromosomes has been explored by comparing their gene content with that of sex chromoso...