The genetic sequences encoding the gibbon and human interleukin 3 (IL 3) proteins were molecularly cloned. The amino acid sequence of the mature gibbon IL 3 protein proved to share 93% homology with the corresponding human protein. We examined the effects of biosynthetic (recombinant) gibbon IL 3 on the proliferation and differentiation of an enriched population of human hematopoietic progenito...

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill (HFE Bill) allows the creation of four different types of human-animal hybrid embryos. This page deals with the issues raised by cloned human-animal hybrid embryos (also known as cytoplasmic hybrids), which are the main focus of debate about hybrid embryos in the HFE Bill. In our view, although important, the issues raised by GM embryos, which are one...

Genetically modified (GM) salmon is the first animal GM product approved for human consumption. Given that genetic modification in food industry a highly controversial issue, understanding consumers’ preferences vis-à-vis non-GM farmed and wild-caught important to provide insights into policy decision makings on products. We use choice experiment estimate U.S. willingness pay examine heterogene...

Through human microbiome sequencing, we can better understand how host evolutionary and ontogenetic history is reflected in the microbial function. However, there has been no information on the gut metagenome configuration in hunter-gatherer populations, posing a gap in our knowledge of gut microbiota (GM)-host mutualism arising from a lifestyle that describes over 90% of human evolutionary his...

In allergic diseases, the cytokines interleukin (IL)5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are upregulated and have been proposed to cause blood and tissue eosinophilia by inhibition of eosinophil apoptosis. We demonstrate herein, in freshly isolated human eosinophils, that the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor beta subunit interacts with cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases to induce ...

Geissoschizine methyl ether (GM) is an indole alkaloid found in Uncaria hook, which is a galenical constituent of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine. GM has been identified as the active component responsible for anti-aggressive effects. In this study, the metabolic profiling of GM in rat and human liver microsomes was investigated. Thirteen metabolites of GM were elucidated and identi...

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the involvement of human neutrophil tyrosine kinase(s) in the signal transduction mechanism of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Stimulation of neutrophils with GM-CSF resulted in a time- and dose-dependent phosphorylation of several proteins having estimated molecular weights of approximately 40, 55, 74, 97, 118, and 155 Kd, ...

Recently human interleukin-3 (IL-3) produced by molecular cloning was characterized as a growth factor for basophils and eosinophils in human bone marrow cultures. Since we found a similar activity of the human factor on simian bone marrow cells, we investigated the in vivo effects of recombinant human (rh) IL-3 in healthy rhesus monkeys (n = 10). rh IL-3 was administered subcutaneously (SC) to...

the cytokine of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the female reproductive tract and has embryonic trophic effect in mammals. the objective of this study was to examine the optimal dosage of gm-csf to improve the mouse embryo development in vitro. to collect two and eight cells embryos, the pregnant nmri mice were sacrificed by c...

Maternal cigarette smoking has adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an essential cytokine for a normal pregnancy. We investigated the impact of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on GM-CSF expression in human cytotrophoblast cells and suggested a cellular mechanism underlying the CSE-induced GM-CSF expression. An immortalized normal ...