A typical U.S. family devotes about a quarter of its annual income and half or more of its net worth to housing. Both the level and volatility of house prices thus have important implications for household behavior and welfare, as well as for the aggregate U.S. economy. Recent research has emphasized the importance of housing supply in determining house prices in different U.S. markets. This di...

Conventional cage housing for laying hens evolved as a cost-effective egg production system. Complying with mandated hen housing alternatives would raise marginal production costs and require sizable capital investment. California data indicate that shifts from conventional cages to barn housing would likely cause farm-level cost increases of about 40% per dozen. The US data on production costs...

In the early stages of a large-scale housing project, many interior design alternatives remain to be confirmed after a rough review of the costs. The project participants move on to the later stages of budgeting and construction without the exact information on the interior costs, and several occasions may arise when costs increase or time delays occur, driven by interior design specification c...

INTRODUCTION Despite progress in implementing smoke-free laws in indoor public places and workplaces, millions of Americans remain exposed to secondhand smoke at home. The nation's 80 million multiunit housing residents, including the nearly 7 million who live in subsidized or public housing, are especially susceptible to secondhand smoke infiltration between units. METHODS We calculated nati...

The main welfare indicators to assess rabbit housing are mortality (unavoidable low), morbidity (unavoidable low), physiological parameters in the species-specific standard, species-specific behaviour and performance on a high level. Group housing of does with kits is possible if an individual electronic nest box recognition system is used. At the moment, the disadvantages (especially the labou...

One goal of the U.S. housing voucher program, as an alternative to public housing subsidies, is to help participants gain access to decent neighborhoods. I find that in a typical implementation of the program, participants in the housing voucher program live in better neighborhoods than public housing residents, but in lower-quality neighborhoods compared to unsubsidized households eligible for...

We investigate the effects of interregional labor market integration in a twosector, overlapping-generations model with land-intensive production in the nontradable goods sector (housing). To capture the response to migration on housing supply, capital formation is endogenous, assuming that firms face capital adjustment costs. Our analysis highlights heterogeneous welfare effects of labor marke...

Extra care housing is an important innovation in the care and support of older people, and is a housing model that has considerable potential to support older people in leading active, independent lives. Based on cost-effectiveness analyses on statistically matched samples with physical functioning as the primary outcome measure, the study found that costs were lower when comparing equivalent p...

This article illustrates how cultural history can deepen the understanding of demographic change, presenting evidence about ways in which rising working-class expectations about appropriate living standards may have created additional pressures on the perceived costs of child-rearing. Among the key areas of family consumption, housing costs are selected for examination. It is shown that higher ...

banking and financial services are important parts of the service industry. quality of service in the banking industry has a close relationship with customer satisfaction service system. banks could create competitive advantage by increasing customer satisfaction and reduce costs in today's competitive environment. this paper presents a decision-making model to obtain optimum tasks assigne...