Legionella are widely distributed in natural and man-made environments. In these environments, legionella can utilize metabolic products excreted by blue-green algae and other general bacteria, on the other hand they can multiply intracellularly within amoebaebody. The major infection route of legionella is via 1-5 |Lim diameter aerosols which contain the legionella and reach humanalveolar sept...

For a microbial ecological analysis, 20 strains of Legionella pneumophila isolated from both unchlorinated Noyu (unattended natural hot spring) samples and chlorinated hot spring bath water samples collected throughout Japan were subjected to a clustering analysis on the basis of a Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern analysis. The PFGE patterns obtained from 19 strains of L. pneumop...

In solfataric fields in southwestern Iceland, neutral and sulfide-rich hot springs are characterized by thick bacterial mats at 60 to 80 degrees C that are white or yellow from precipitated sulfur (sulfur mats). In low-sulfide hot springs in the same area, grey or pink streamers are formed at 80 to 90 degrees C, and a Chloroflexus mat is formed at 65 to 70 degrees C. We have studied the microbi...

Introduction: Potential relict hot springs have been identified on Mars and, using the Earth as an analog, Martian hot springs are postulated to be an optimal locality for recognizing preserved evidence of extraterrestrial life [1]. Distinctive organic and inorganic biomarkers are necessary to recognize preserved evidence of life in terrestrial and extraterrestrial hot spring accumulations. Hot...

Living stromatolites growing in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park are composed of silica-encrusted cyanobacterial mats. Two cyanobacterial mat types grow on the stromatolite surfaces and are preserved as two distinct lithofacies. One mat is present when the stromatolites are submerged or at the water-atmosphere interface and the other when stromatolites protrude from the hot spring. The...