background: the purpose of dehorning in cattles is to decrease injuries and increase security in farms. besides breeding managements, different chemical and physical methods are used for dehorning of livestock, depending on their age, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. objectives: this study was performed to evaluate the effects of clove oil on disbudding new born calves following ...

Intraspinal quisqualic acid (QUIS) injury induce (i) mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, (ii) progressive self-injurious overgrooming of the affected dermatome. The latter is thought to resemble painful dysesthesia observed in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. We have reported previously loss of endogenous GABA immunoreactive (IR) cells in the superficial dorsal horn of QUIS rats 2 weeks post...

Meniscal ramp lesions are more frequently associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than previously recognized. Some authors suggest that this entity results from disruption of the meniscotibial ligaments of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, whereas others support the idea that it is created by a tear of the peripheral attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meni...

The distribution of Met-enkephalin- and substance P-immunoreactive neurons was studied by indirect immunofluorescence in some areas related to pain and analgesia. Met-enkephalin- and substance P-positive cell bodies and nerve terminals were observed in the periaqueductal central gray, the nucleus raphe magnus, the marginal layers and substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and t...

An examination of the precise mode of termination of the corticospinal system in the spinal cord of rodents has been conducted by use of light and electron microscope methods. This study confirms the position of the normal corticospinal t ract in rodents in the ventralmost portion of the dorsal column white matter. Three to four days following unilateral sensorimotor cortex ablation, Nauta-Gyga...

Objectives: Meniscal ramp lesions describe a specific injury to the meniscocapsular junction at posterior horn of medial meniscus. The are strongly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and may affect biomechanical stability knee if left untreated. Despite increasing rates ACL reconstructions performed in adolescents each year, prevalence risk factors for this patient popula...

Gangliogliomas are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system and rarely occur in the lateral ventricle or present with drop metastasis. We report a 49-year-old male who presented with a six-week history of left leg pain and numbness. Clinical examination revealed no focal neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated enhancing nodular lesions in the sacral spine abutt...

The effect of neonatal capsaicin treatment, producing selective elimination of almost all unmyelinated C-fiber sensory axons, was studied on lesion-induced transganglionic labelling of the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord by choleragenoid. In both control and capsaicinpretreated rats, the injection of choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase conjugate into the intact sciatic nerves resulted...