The appearance of objects generally does not change with changes in the size of their retinal image that occur as the distance from the observer increases or decreases. Contrast constancy ensures this invariance for suprathreshold image features, but fully robust size invariance also requires invariance at threshold, so that near-threshold image features do not appear or disappear with distance...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 The Regional Haze Rule of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency mandates reduction in U.S. anthropogenic emissions to achieve linear improvement of visibility in wilderness areas over the 2004-2018 period toward an endpoint of natural visibility conditions by 2064. Linear improvement is to apply to the mean visibil...

A graph is called a strong ( resp. weak) bar 1-visibility graph if its vertices can be represented as horizontal segments (bars) in the plane so that its edges are all (resp. a subset of) the pairs of vertices whose bars have a -thick vertical line connecting them that intersects at most one other bar. We explore the relation among weak (resp. strong) bar 1-visibility graphs and other nearly pl...

We experimentally demonstrate optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer utilizing displaced Sagnac configuration to enhance its phase stability. The interferometer with footprint of 27×40 cm offers individually accessible paths and shows phase deviation less than 0.4° during a 250 s long measurement. The phase drift, evaluated by means of Allan deviation, stays below 3° or 7 nm for 1.5 h without any ...

Orthogonal connectors are used in drawings of many types of network diagrams, especially those representing electrical circuits. One approach for routing such connectors has been to compute an orthogonal visibility graph formed by intersecting vertical and horizontal lines projected from the corners of all obstacles and then use an A* search over this graph. However the search can be slow since...