Take an n-dimensional manifold M . Endow it with a distribution, by which I mean a smooth linear subbundle D ⊂ TM of its tangent bundle TM . So, for x ∈ M , we have a k-plane Dx ⊂ TxM , and by letting x vary we obtain a smoothly varying family of k-planes on M . Put a smoothly varying family g of inner products on each k-plane. The data (M,D, g) is, by definition, a sub-Riemannian geometry. Tak...

Take an n-dimensional manifold M . Endow it with a distribution, by which I mean a smooth linear subbundle D ⊂ TM of its tangent bundle TM . So, for x ∈ M , we have a k-plane Dx ⊂ TxM , and by letting x vary we obtain a smoothly varying family of k-planes on M . Put a smoothly varying family g of inner products on each k-plane. The data (M,D, g) is, by definition, a sub-Riemannian geometry. Tak...

This manuscript addresses trajectory tracking problem of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) on the horizontal plane. Adaptive sliding mode control is employed in order to achieve a robust behavior against some uncertainty and ocean current disturbances, assuming that disturbance and its derivative are bounded by unknown boundary levels. The proposed approach is based on a dual layer adaptive...

In solar PV fields, photovoltaic panels are typically arranged in parallel rows one after the other. This arrangement introduces variations distribution of irradiance over entire field, compared to measurements recorded at meteorological weather stations and data obtained from climatic database platforms. is due difference view factors between field a single surface, as well presence shade on r...