For the first time an attempt is made to derive a theoretical relationship between sea-ice strength and the controlling factors of salinity, temperature, and density. A geometric model of the ice-brine relationship is constructed from photographs and used to calculate tensile strength of warm (above 20°C) sea ice. The theoretical results compare well with experimental data. The model developed ...

Several attempts to improve the F-scale and its use were made. For example, Fujita began to move toward a rating matrix based on types of construction (Fujita 1992). Following on this work by Fujita, Sills et al. (2004) developed an F-scale rating matrix with 20 DIs that was used both operationally and to generate an updated 19802009 tornado climatology for Canada (Sills et al. 2012). However, ...

features of the area. Sills of hornblende-porphyritic clioritc, are part of the Hedley Intrusive suite believed to bc Latf Triassic or Early Jurassi.: (199 Ma based on U-Pb dates 0 ' zircons from the Banbury stock, 3.5 kilometres west o' Hedley). In this location the sills, which vary.from I to 2f' metres in thickness, make up almost 50 per cent '3f thl: stratigraphic column whtxe they intrude ...

We numerically study how rigid solid cylinders with a length over diameter aspect ratio of 10 settle through suspensions consisting uniformly sized spheres and Newtonian liquid. identify regimes preference for horizontal settling vertical the dependent on overall solids volume fraction (in range 0–0.58) Archimedes number cylinders. These insights we use to interpret behavior fluidized mixtures ...

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) form in both oceanic and continental settings by the emplacement and eruption of voluminous magmas ranging from basalt to rhyolite in composition. Continental flood basalt provinces are the best studied LIPs and consist of crustal intrusive systems, extensive flood lavas and ignimbrites, and mafic volcaniclastic deposits in varying proportions. Intrusive rocks are...

numerical study has been carried out for slot air jet impingement cooling of horizontal concentric circular cylinders. the slot air jet is situated at the symmetry line of a horizontal cylinder along the gravity vector and impinges to the bottom of the outer cylinder which is designated as θ=0°. the outer cylinder is partially opened at the top with width of w=30mm and is kept at constant tempe...

In this investigation, the 2D flow between two horizontally positioned concentric cylinders (gravity perpendicular to axis of cylinders), where inner cylinder is kept at constant temperature Ti higher than outer border To, analyzed. Buoyancy forces initiate movement fluid and generated studied in a fixed geometry for values Prandtl numbers (Pr) 0.01 1, Rayleigh (Ra) 102 5·106. To solve problem,...

A square composed of horizontal lines appears taller and narrower than an identical square made up of vertical lines. Reporting this illusion, Hermann von Helmholtz noted that such illusions, in which filled space seems to be larger than unfilled space, were common in everyday life, adding the observation that ladies' frocks with horizontal stripes make the figure look taller. As this assertion...

Abstract Trapped-mode frequencies are computed for submerged, horizontal, circular cylinders in a two-layer fluid consisting of a finite layer bounded above by a free surface and below by a infinite layer of greater density. Two separate cases are considered. First we consider waves which propagate along the top of a single cylinder at frequencies below the cut-off for wave propagation away fro...