We derive the formalism to obtain spatial distributions of collisional correlation times for macroscopic particles undergoing granular flow from pulsed gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion data. This is demonstrated with an example of axial motion in the shear flow regime of a 3D granular flow in a horizontal rotating cylinder at one rotation rate.

PURPOSE To use a large wave-front database of a clinical population to investigate relationships between refractions and higher-order aberrations and between aberrations of right and left eyes. METHODS Third- and fourth-order aberration coefficients and higher-order root-mean-squared aberrations (HO RMS), scaled to a pupil size of 4.5-mm diameter, were analyzed in a population of approximatel...

Abstract We consider problems based on linear water wave theory concerning the interaction of oblique waves with horizontal cylinders in a fluid consisting of a layer of finite depth bounded above by a free surface and below by an infinite layer of fluid of greater density. For such a situation time-harmonic waves can propagate with two different wavenumbers K and k. The particular problems of ...

This work deals with numerical and experimental studies of specific issues of natural convection flow around a horizontal cylinder in a space limited by rectangular cavity. Physical models of laminar unsteady flows have been used for numerical calculations of heat transfer coefficients of four different diameters of horizontal cylinders and for several temperature gradients. Procedures and resu...

Liquid agent transport was investigated around unheated and heated horizontal cylinders (to a near-surface temperature of approximately 423 K, i.e., well above the water boiling point) under ambient conditions. Experimental results are presented for a well-characterized, droplet-laden homogenous turbulent flow field, using water, methoxy-nonafluorobutane (i.e., HFE-7100, C4F9OCH3, with a boilin...

BACKGROUND For many long standing practices, the rationale for them is often lost as time passes. This is the situation with respect to the storage and handling of equimolar 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen volume/volume (v/v) mixtures. METHODS A review was undertaken of existing literature to examine the developmental history of nitrous oxide and oxygen mixtures for anesthesia and analgesia ...

Combined radiation and natural convection within the annular region of two infinitely long horizontal concentric cylinders are investigated numerically in this research. Radial and tangential radiation effects ate considered using Milne-Eddington approximation for a two-dimensional radiative transfer. The basic conservation equations are discretized with the finite volume method and SIMPLER alg...

Pontryagin's principle is used to study the shape of the supersonic part of the nozzle of a carbon dioxide gas-dynamic laser whose gain is maximal. The exact shape is obtained for the uncoupled approximation of Anderson's bimodal model. In this case, if sharp corners are allowed, the ceiling of the supersonic part consists of a slant rectangular sheet followed by a horizontal one; otherwise...

The buoyancy-driven boundary-layer flow from a heated horizontal circular cylinder immersed in a water-based alumina (Al2O3) nanofluid is investigated using variable properties for nanofluid viscosity. Two different viscosity models are utilized to evaluate heat transfer enhancement from a cylinder. Exact analytic solutions of the problem are attained employing a novel...

We investigate the dynamics of thin films driven by gravity on the outer surface of a cylinder and sphere. The surface is rigid, stationary and the axis of the cylinder is horizontal. An instantaneous release of a constant volume of fluid at the top of the cylinder or sphere results initially in a two-dimensional or axisymmetric current respectively. The resultant flow of a thin film of fluid i...