Although the basic idea may be traced back to the earlier X-ray diffraction studies of Sir W. L. Bragg, the holographic method as we know it was invented by D. Gabor in 1948 as a two-step lensless imaging technique to enhance the resolution of electron microscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in physics. The distinctive feature of holography is the recording of the object phase va...

Preoperative image data can facilitate intrasurgical guidance by revealing interior features of opaque tissues, provided image data can be accurately registered to the physical patient. Registration is challenging in organs that are deformable and lack features suitable for use as alignment fiducials (e.g. liver, kidneys, etc.). However, provided intraoperative sensing of surface contours can b...

Manual cell counting is time consuming and requires a high degree of skill on behalf of the person performing the count. Here we use a technique that utilizes digital holography, allowing label-free and completely non-invasive cell counting directly in cell culture vessels with adherent viable cells. The images produced can provide both quantitative and qualitative phase information from a sing...

We present an improved method for recording a synthesized Fourier hologram under incoherent white-light illumination. The advantage of the method is that the number of real projections needed for generating the hologram is significantly reduced. The new method, designated as synthetic projection holography, is demonstrated experimentally. We show that the synthetic projection holography barely ...

In synthetic holography, the emphasis has been on numerical simulation methods for the recording and reconstruction processes, but methods to visualize the calculated results are yet underdeveloped. We show how volume slicing and volume rendering using a threshold for translucency can be applied to synthetic holography. Results of the three-dimensional visualization of the reconstruction are pr...

The invention of holography by D. Gabor, followed by the works of E. Leith and Upatnieks, made possible to perform nearly arbitrarily wavefront transformations with the aid of optical microstructures fabricated by interference (Gabor, 1948; Leith & Upatnieks, 1962; Denisyuk, 1962; Benton, 1969). The realization by A. Lohmann and co-workers in the mid1960’s that optical holograms can be simulate...

The conceptualization of three-dimensional (3D) images within the human brain is a difficult task requiring extensive use of the brain’s working memory. In the medical education community, this problem is particularly prevalent due to the complex 3D structures inherent in human anatomy. One potential solution to this problem is to present medical content in 3D dimensions rather than 2D or 2.5D....

Off-shore petroleum exploration nowadays routinely uses the marine controlled-source (MCSEM) survey, which consists of a set of sea-bottom receivers and a moving electrical bipole transmitter. We show that the MCSEM survey with its dense system of transmitters and receivers, is extremely well suited for application of the holography/migration method. The combined EM signal in the receivers form...

Single-exposure on-line (SEOL) digital holography is a recently proposed technique for monitoring, visualization, and recognition of three-dimensional (3D) objects. In contrast to traditional multi-exposure on-line digital holography, it uses only one exposure, which makes it particularly suitable for imaging and recognizing moving micro-organisms. However, the cost of using only one exposure i...

The holographic principle states that the information about a volume of a system is encoded on the boundary surface of the volume. Holography appears in many branches of physics, such as optics, electromagnetism, many-body physics, quantum gravity, and string theory. Here we show that holography is also an underlying principle in thermodynamics, a most important foundation of physics. The therm...