In order to reconstruct missing city including houses, roads and other objects using historical maps, an efficient city modeling is still issue which resolved. In particular, 3D modeling of houses is important issue since houses are important component of historical city model. With this motive, an efficient method for reconstruction of historical city using historical map is proposed by the au...

China has undergone a tremendous urbanization process over the past four decades, resulting in considerable conflict between desire to construct contemporary urban areas and safeguard old structures. In addition destroying physical space of ancient sites, development fragmented natural landscape severed its structural relationship with historical landscape. this study, we selected Luoyang as re...

Understanding the patterns of gene flow of an endangered species metapopulation occupying a fragmented habitat is crucial for landscape-level conservation planning and devising effective conservation strategies. Tigers (Panthera tigris) are globally endangered and their populations are highly fragmented and exist in a few isolated metapopulations across their range. We used multi-locus genotypi...

The landscape genetics framework is typically applied to broad regions that occupy only small portions of a species’ range. Rarely is the entire range of a taxon the subject of study. We examined the landscape genetic structure of the endangered Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra), whose isolated geographic range is found in a restricted (85 km) but heterogenous region in Califo...

The practice of ecological restoration is a primary option for increasing levels of biodiversity by modifying human-altered ecosystems. The scientific discipline of restoration ecology provides conceptual guidance and tests of restoration strategies, with the ultimate goal of predictive landscape restoration. I construct a conceptual model for restoration of biodiversity, based on site-level (e...

9 In: Vance, Regina K.; Edminster, Carleton B.; Covington, W. Wallace; Blake, Julie A. comps. 2001. Ponderosa pine ecosystems restoration and conservation: steps toward stewardship; 2000 April 25–27; Flagstaff, AZ. Proceedings RMRS-P-22. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Merrill R. Kaufmann is a Research Forest Ecologist, Paula J. Fornwa...

The Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Prototype Project, or LANDFIRE Prototype Project, originated from a recent mapping project that developed a set of coarse-scale spatial data layers for wildland fire management describing fire hazard and ecological status for the conterminous United States (Hardy and others 2001; Schmidt and others 2002; www. fs.fed.us/fire/fuelman). Sch...

Spatial scientific research has increasingly become multi disciplinary. The urge of different disciplines to share disciplinary knowledge and information has increased. However, not many Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) have succeeded in facilitating the needs of these multidisciplinary research communities. The article presented offers a methodological framework to develop a user centric SD...

The lower Central American landscape was fully emergent approximately three million years ago, an event which marked the beginning of the Great American biotic interchange. Freshwater fishes participated in the biotic interchange. Because primary freshwater fishes are restricted to freshwater, they provide an excellent system for investigating the interplay of historical and recent processes on...