Heat-wave risk in cities is determined both by regional climate evolutions and by cities size and shape change, because they can impact heat island effect. Land planning and urban transport policies, due to their long-lasting impact on cities shape, can therefore play a role in heat-wave risk mitigation. However, the link between these policies and resulting change in urban heat island is far f...

extended abstractintroductiontoday, large number of world’s major cities is located in coastal environments these towns have and all important positions in the economic, cultural and social functions. coastal areas and the cities located in they are economically very important in terms of the environment, sensitive to many of factors influencing and physically, against a variety of natural haza...

A broader perspective on the role of cities and their relation to their inhabitants and the planet is essential to effectively answer urgent sustainability questions that emerge in and beyond cities. This essay provides a critical reflection on the notion of the sustainable city. The central question discussed is: how can the ideal of a sustainable city be best conceptualised? Through exploring...

Maya and Aztec cities exhibited a distinctive kind of low-density urbanism common in ancient Mesoamerica. The non-monumental components of these cities differed from the high-density ancient and historical cities in the Old World that are often considered the norm for pre-modern urbanism. Distinctive features include the practice of intensive agricultural cultivation within urban settlements, r...

How were cities distributed globally in the past? How many people lived in these cities? How did cities influence their local and regional environments? In order to understand the current era of urbanization, we must understand long-term historical urbanization trends and patterns. However, to date there is no comprehensive record of spatially explicit, historic, city-level population data at t...

examining the planning of cemeteries in the urbanism system of iran does not show a goodcondition. in fact, cemeteries in the most persian cities have become large-scale open spaces outside the city. this couldcause irreparable damage to the cities because of the partial and/or improper use of the capacity of urban lands. alongwith this, historical cemeteries within the cities have been abandon...

During the 1940s a series of remarkable and radical planning documents were produced for many British cities, generally now collectively referred to as ‘reconstruction plans’. Universally these sought to introduce a highly interventionist, comprehensive planning, often with strong elements of ‘clean sweep’ reconstruction. This article considers two such plans, for the historic cities of Durham ...