0

Historic DNA data have the potential to identify phenotypic information otherwise invisible in the historical, archaeological and palaeontological record. In order to determine whether a single nucleotide polymorphism typing protocol based on single based extension (SNaPshot™) could produce reliable phenotypic data from historic samples, we genotyped three coat colour markers for a sample of hi...

During the 1940s a series of remarkable and radical planning documents were produced for many British cities, generally now collectively referred to as ‘reconstruction plans’. Universally these sought to introduce a highly interventionist, comprehensive planning, often with strong elements of ‘clean sweep’ reconstruction. This article considers two such plans, for the historic cities of Durham ...

After 1980s, the People’s Republic of China modernized rapidly, resulting in vast changes to the fabric of cities. At the same time, China developed more sophisticated urban planning practices and historic preservation regulation. In 1982, the government officially created the concept of “predominant historic and cultural city,” for cities that are considered to have very significant historic a...

Understanding extinction drivers in a human-dominated world is necessary to preserve biodiversity. We provide an overview of Quaternary extinctions and compare mammalian extinction events on continents and islands after human arrival in system-specific prehistoric and historic contexts. We highlight the role of body size and life-history traits in these extinctions. We find a significant size-b...

Reconstruction and arthrodesis play a dominant role in the surgical treatment of various disorders of the hindfoot. Subtalar joint (STJ) arthrodesis has accomplished favorable results in the treatment of various disorders such as primary and secondary osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, neuromuscular disorders, congenital deformity, and adult hindfoot pathology. Likewise, STJ fusion provides ...

The goal of my article was not to review the Camp Lejeune (CLJ) modeling studies. Rather it was to use the CLJ problem as an example to highlight issues related to model complexities and to spark an open debate on when, where, and why we should limit model complexity. I would like to first thank Maslia and his nine co-authors for contributing to this debate. I believe this is an important debat...