Crossed reflex of limbs has been hitherto observed mainly in decerebrate or spinal animals. In man it was only recognized in pathological cases. The author, however, succeeded in this study in finding a suitable arrangement, in which the crossed reflex involving four limbs could be elicited and recorded even in healthy human subjects. As has been known since the last century, cutaneous stimulat...

The induction of heme oxygenase (HO), the rate limiting enzyme in the conversion of heme into carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin, limits liver injury following remote trauma such as hind limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Using intravital video microscopy, we tested the hypothesis that inhaled CO (250 ppm) would mimic HO-derived liver protection. Hind limb I/R significantly decreased sinusoidal ...

This investigation attempted to determine whether stimulation of intrathoracic receptors, including those in the left atrium, is associated with changes in renal vascular resistance. In 19 dogs, the left kidney was perfused at constant pressure and the right hind limb was perfused at constant flow. A partial obstruction of the mitral orifice that increased left atrial pressure by less than 20 c...

BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have different effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enalapril on skeletal muscle angiogenesis in diabetic and diabetic hind limb ischemic rats. METHODS We studied 24 male diabetic rats (induced by streptozotocin, 55 mg/kg, ip) divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were diabetic sham ...

Reflex control of hind-limb and renal resistance vessels by cardiac and pulmonary receptors was studied by interrupting afferent vagal nerve traffic when only the heart or only the lungs were in situ in anesthetized dogs with sinoaortic denervation. During normocapnia, interruption of cardiac and of pulmonary vagal traffic decreased hind-limb blood flow (constant-pressure perfusion) by 23% and ...

We examined whether the combination of isoflavone and milk basic protein both are reported to be effective for bone metabolism, prevents bone loss induced by skeletal hind-limb unloading in mice. Female ddY strain mice, aged 8 weeks, were divided into six groups (n = 6-8 each): (1) normally housed group, (2) loading group, (3) hind-limb unloading group fed a control diet, (4) hind-limb unloadin...

The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a quadrupedal arboreal animal primarily distributed in the Himalayas and southern China. It is a species commonly kept in zoological collections. This study was carried out to describe the morphology of the pelvis and hind limb of the red panda evidenced by gross osteology, radiography and computed tomography as a reference for clinical use and identification ...

In vertebrates, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a specialized epithelium localized at the dorsoventral boundary of the limb bud that regulates limb outgrowth. In Drosophila, the wing margin is also a specialized region located at the dorsoventral frontier of the wing imaginal disc. The wingless and Notch pathways have been implicated in positioning both the wing margin and the AER. One of ...

Background. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have different effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enalapril on skeletal muscle angiogenesis in diabetic and diabetic hind limb ischemic rats. Methods. We studied 24 male diabetic rats (induced by streptozotocin, 55 mg⁄kg, ip) divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were diabetic sham ...