Marine invertebrate larvae suffer high mortality due to abiotic and biotic stress. In planktotrophic larvae, mortality may be minimised if growth rates are maximised. In estuaries and coastal habitats however, larval growth may be limited by salinity stress, which is a key factor selecting for particular physiological adaptations such as osmoregulation. These mechanisms may be energetically cos...

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit the growth and productivity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). To improve sugar beet's salinity tolerance, the ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 genes encoding tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter and H(+)-PPase from xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum were co-expressed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. It is showed here that co-expression of...

Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, transl...

salinity is one of the environmental factors that have a critical influence on the germination of seeds and plant establishment. salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. in this study, the germination characteristics of matricaria comomilla and thymus deanensis were studied. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity on germination of these species....

To identify cold-, drought-, high-salinity-, and/or abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible genes in rice (Oryza sativa), we prepared a rice cDNA microarray including about 1700 independent cDNAs derived from cDNA libraries prepared from drought-, cold-, and high-salinity-treated rice plants. We confirmed stress-inducible expression of the candidate genes selected by microarray analysis using RNA gel-blo...

Soil permeability and soil salinity are considered the most important elements affecting agriculture in arid areas. To analyze and visualize solute transport and soil salinity distribution mechanisms, dye tracer and an electromagnetic device (W.E.T Probe) were used. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of separate clayey patches (spots) exist in loamy sand soil on both of soil...

Classical Darwinian adaptation to a change in environment can ensue when selection favours beneficial genetic variation. How plastic trait responses to new conditions affect this process depends on how plasticity reveals to selection the influence of genotype on phenotype. Genetic accommodation theory predicts that evolutionary rate may sharply increase when a new environment induces plastic re...

Salinity is a major limiting factor for the proliferation of plants and inhibits central metabolic activities such as photosynthesis. The halotolerant green alga Dunaliella can adapt to hypersaline environments and is considered a model photosynthetic organism for salinity tolerance. To clarify the molecular basis for salinity tolerance, a proteomic approach has been applied for identification ...

Zygophyllum simplex L. is a succulent annual that grows on the coastal and inland saline flats around Karachi, Pakistan. The seeds are moderately salt tolerant during germination. Germination of Zygophyllum simplex seeds under various salinity, proline, betaine, GA and kinetin treatments was determined. Proline (0±1 and 1 m) and betaine (0±1 and 1 m) alleviated the innate dormancy of seeds, a...

Salinity varies widely in coastal areas that often have a high abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo. Pseudo-nitzschia is abundant in Louisiana waters, and high cellular domoic acid has been observed in natural samples but no human illness has been reported. To assess the threat of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), we examined the effect of salinity on Pseudo-nitzschia occurrence in the f...