Three classes of signaling molecule, VG1, WNT and BMP, play crucial roles in axis formation in the chick embryo. Although VG1 and WNT signals have a pivotal function in inducing the primitive streak and Hensen's node in the embryo midline, their action is complemented by that of BMP antagonists that protect the prospective axial tissue from the inhibitory influence of BMPs secreted from the per...

The Wnt signaling pathway is essential for the development of diverse tissues during embryogenesis. Signal transduction is activated by the binding of Wnt proteins to the type I receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 and the seven-pass transmembrane protein Frizzled (Fzd), which contains a Wnt-binding site in the form of a cysteine-rich domain. Known extracellular antagon...

The Mamdani and TSK fuzzy models are fuzzy inference engines which have been most widely applied in real-world problems. Compared to the Mamdani approach, the TSK approach is more convenient when the crisp outputs are required. Common to both approaches, when a given observation does not overlap with any rule antecedent in the rule base (which usually termed as a sparse rule base), no rule can ...

A novel procedure was developed for rapid separation of the three component enzymes of pig heart 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by high performance liquid chromatography on a gel filtration column. The complex was dissociated and separated into two fractions of the first dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase and a second yellow fraction within 1 h by chromatography on a preparative TSK-GEL...

conclusions there were significant distinctions in the skin temperature distribution during exercise according to the activity of the area under consideration during exercise, which may be important in the development of physiological models and heat flux analyses for different purposes. results during pre-exercise, all tsk reached a steady-state (p ≤ 0.05), which ensured adequate thermal stabi...

This article describes an approach to automatically build a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model (TSK-model) based on a set of input-output data (system identification). Identifying rule-based fuzzy models consists of two parts: structure modeling, i. e. determining the number of rules and input variables involved respectively, and parameter optimization, i. e. optimizing the rules consequences and the lo...

In this study, we present a hybrid approach of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) with fuzzy logic and clustering methods to solve multiobjective path planning problems in the case swarm Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). This study aims further explore performance ACO by integrating order cope multiple contradicting objectives generate quality solutions in-parallel identifying mission area...