BACKGROUND A number of engineered nanoparticles induce autophagy, the main catabolic pathway that regulates bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material by the lysosomes. Depending on the specific physico-chemical properties of the nanomaterial, however, nanoparticle-induced autophagy may have different effects on cell physiology, ranging from enhanced autophagic degradation to blockage of autophag...

In this study, we focus on processing and characterizing composite material structures made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reproducibly engineering macro-pores inside their structure. Highly porous bucky-papers were fabricated from pure carbon nanotubes by dispersing and stabilizing large 1 μm polystyrene beads within a carbon nanotube suspension. The polystyrene beads, homogeneously dispersed ...

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of polystyrene nanospheres was carried out after immobilisation onto boron-doped diamond electrodes. Although the polystyrene is insulating, a voltammetric response was obtained. This was attributed to the high surface area of the nanospheres, allowing the redox chemistry of the polystyrene surface to be probed despite the non-conducting nature of the bulk. The polystyre...

0167-9317/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2012.07.005 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 519 729 3582. E-mail addresses: [email protected], j24 (J. Zhang). Previously we demonstrated ultra-dense patterning using 2 kg/mol polystyrene negative electron beam resist that has low sensitivity [16]. To drastically improve its sensitivity, here we studied the expos...