In order to make any sea level dive table usable during high altitude diving, a new conversion factor is created. We introduce the standardized equivalent sea depth (SESD), which allows conversion of the actual lake diving depth (ALDD) to an equivalent sea dive depth. SESD is defined as the sea depth in meters or feet for a standardized sea dive, equivalent to a mountain lake dive at any altitu...

High-altitude illness is the collective term for acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). The pathophysiology of these syndromes is not completely understood, although studies have substantially contributed to the current understanding of several areas. These areas include the role and potential mechanisms of brain swelling ...

From the University Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division VII: Sports Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany (P.B.); and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle (E.R.S.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Bärtsch at the University Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division VII: Sport...

Medicine at high altitude provides important insights into the acute and chronic effects of hypoxia. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common syndrome occurring after acute ascent to over 2,500 m and is caused by increased capillary permeability. A number of factors have been identified that increase the risk of AMS, in particular exercise. Avoiding rapid ascent, undue exercise and the use of ...

Its probable first account has been given by Plutarch in his comments on Alexander’s invasion of India: “Many then were the dangers— but the greatest harm came from severity of weathers”. Similarly, a Chinese record mentions of “Lesser Headache Mountains” and the “Greater Headache Mountains” where men’s bodies become feverish, they lose color and are attacked with headache, dizziness and vomiti...

introduction: chronic mountain sickness (cms) represents a syndrome of secondary polycythemia along with thrombocytopenia, altered hemorheology, pulmonary and systemic hypertension, and congestive heart failure, occurring due to hypobaric hypoxia-anoxia-induced erythropoiesis reported in both native mountain residents and new climbers after prolonged stays at high and extreme altitudes.case pre...

Selenium (Se) levels in blood (whole blood, erythrocytes and serum) and blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were investigated in people living at high altitude in Bolivia (4,000 m above sea level). These parameters were compared to those of people living at low altitude (300 m above sea level). The Se levels in whole blood of the high-altitude subjects did not differ significantly fr...

High altitude acclimatization produces a suite of physiological changes that might support an improved athletic performance at low altitude and thus lead to the strategy of athletic training at high altitude. Although there is substantial literature on high altitude physiology in humans, there are few studies on horses. Our interest in the physiological responses to high altitude in equids has ...