| Coded modulation schemes for hierarchical broadcasting employing multilevel coding (MLC) are considered for both, AWGN and at Rayleigh fading channels. Special emphasis is put on good performance in both classes of channels, thus resulting in robust modulation schemes with respect to channel characteristics. Design rules for signal constellations and codes are discussed. INTRODUCTION With the...

A hierarchical N-doped carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid nanostructure (NCNT-GHN), in which the graphene layers are distributed inside the CNT inner cavities, was designed to effi ciently support noble metal (e.g., PtRu) nanoparticles. Well-dispersed PtRu nanoparticles with diameters of 2–4 nm were immobilized onto these NCNT-GHN supports by a low-temperature chemical reduction method without any...

This paper aims to give a hierarchical, generative account of diatonic harmony progressions and proposes a generative phrase-structure grammar. The formalism accounts for structural properties of key, functional, scale and surface level. Being related to linguistic approaches in generative syntax and to the hierarchical account of tonality in the generative theory of tonal music (GTTM) [1], cad...

Speech production exhibits temporal coherence among speech gestures, and also systematic modulation of durational patterns as a function of the hierarchical level of prosodic structure, e.g., the foot. Intergestural coherence has been understood with reference to dynamic coupling within an ensemble of planning oscillators, and a coupled oscillator model of intergestural timing has been employed...

The analytical bit error rate of hierarchical quadra5 ture amplitude modulation formats, which include uniform and 6 nonuniform constellations, over flat Rayleigh fading environments 7 is studied in this paper. The analysis takes into account the effect 8 of imperfect channel estimation and considers diversity reception 9 with both independent identically and nonidentically distributed 10 chann...

Recently, cooperative system is an interesting issue in communication systems. Single mobile antenna can have transmission diversity gain by the cooperative system as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. However, the most of the cooperative systems have a problem about the transmission rate loss. In this paper, hierarchical modulation is proposed in order to solve the transmission rate...

Hierarchical Modulation (HM) is a means to enhance the spectral efficiency of a system by superposing, in terms of modulation, an additional stream for a given user with good radio conditions on a basic stream of a user with worse radio conditions. This, in turn, increases the throughput of the former user and hence the overall performance of the whole system. We consider, in this work, such a ...

We compared aspects of shape representation in extrastriate visual areas V2 and V4, which are both implicated in shape processing and belong to different hierarchical levels. We recorded responses of cells in awake, fixating monkeys to matched sets of contour and grating stimuli of low or intermediate complexity. These included simple stimuli (bars and sinusoids) and more complex stimuli (angle...

The automatic recognition of the modulation format of a detected signal, the intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation, is a major task of an intelligent receiver, with various civilian and military applications. Obviously, with no knowledge of the transmitted data and many unknown parameters at the receiver, such as the signal power, carrier frequency and phase offsets, timin...