Recent reports on intense-field pump-probe experiments for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from coherently rotating linear molecules have revealed remarkable characteristic effects of the simultaneous variation of the polarization geometry and the time delay on the high-order harmonic signals. We analyze the effects and give a unified theoretical account of the experimental observations. F...

We report on low-order harmonic generation utilising the plasmonic field enhancement in arrays of rodtype gold optical antennae. Furthermore, we examine their suitability to support high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The low-order harmonics are used as a tool to investigate the nonlinear properties of the antennae. Particular attention is paid to the thermal properties, which become signific...

The generation of high-order harmonics from atomic and molecular gases enables the production of high-energy photons and ultrashort isolated pulses. Obtaining efficiently similar photon energy from solid-state systems could lead, for instance, to more compact extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray sources. We demonstrate from ab initio simulations that it is possible to generate high-order harmonic...

High-gain free-electron lasers (FELs) operating at short wavelengths have the potential to gather incredibly detailed information on how matter interacts and arranges itself at the atomic and molecular scales [1]. If high brightness pulses of sufficiently short duration ( 10 − 10s) and power can be generated, it may also be possible to capture ephemeral events, such as molecular bond formation,...

DAX1 (NR0B1) is an orphan nuclear receptor, which plays an important role in development and function of the adrenal glands and gonads. Mutations in DAX1 cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (X-linked AHC), which is characterized by adrenal insufficiency (AI) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG). Affected boys present with adrenal failure usually in childhood and, later in life, with ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the dependence on fish consumption of families and its impact on nutritional status and neurodevelopment of pre-school children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study that measured children's hair mercury (HHg) as an indicator of family fish consumption, growth (anthropometric Z-scores, WHO standards) and neurological (Gesell developmental scores (GDS)) development. SETTING Tradi...

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk solids permits the exploration of materials in a new regime of strong fields and attosecond timescales. The generation process has been discussed in the context of strongly driven electron dynamics in single-particle bands. Two-dimensional materials exhibit distinctive electronic properties compared to the bulk that could significantly modify the HHG proce...

The observation of the isotope effect in the high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) of H2 presents a challenge for time-dependent density-functional-theory (TDDFT) methods, since this effect is related to the dynamics of the ion created in the tunneling ionization step of HHG and it depends on the harmonic order. As an initial step toward describing this effect within current computational capaci...

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has emerged recent years as a rapidly expanding and interdisciplinary field, attracting attention from both the condensed-matter atomic, molecular, optics communities. It exciting prospects for engineering of new light sources probing ultrafast carrier dynamics solids, theoretical understanding this process is fundamental importance. This tutorial provid...

The World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have recommended the use of hair for worldwide environmental monitoring. Mercury exposure to the inhabitants of Karachi was assessed by using hair as bioindicator. Hair samples of 200 residents of Karachi were collected and analyzed through cold vapor atomic absorption spect...