Nitrogen fixation (C(2)H(2) reduction) by algae in flooded soil was limited by interactions within the algal community. Nitrogen fixation by either indigenous algae or Tolypothrix tenuis was reduced severalfold by a dense suspension of the green alga Nephrocytium sp. Similarly, interactions between the nitrogen-fixing alga (cyanobacterium) Aulosira 68 and natural densities of indigenous algae l...

3 Alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] is a 4 widely used herbicide that has been identified as a groundwater contaminant. Several 5 slow-release formulations (SRFs) of this herbicide have been examined for their 6 capacity to reduce its leaching and enhance weed control. A field experiment was 7 performed to determine alachlor leaching and bioefficacy in: (i) a ...

The title compound, {systematic name: 1-[3-({[(4,6-di-meth-oxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)carbamo-yl]amino}-sulfon-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-fluoro-propyl 2-meth-oxy-acetate}, C18H22FN5O8S, is used as a herbicide (pyrimidinyl-sulfonyl-urea herbicide). The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyridine and pyrimidine rings is 86.90 (7)°. In the crystal, N/C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯π inter-actions...

Use of efficient methods of weed control with as regards environmental sustainability as well as increased crop yield and also weed resistance to herbicides is essential. In order to, an experiment was conducted in 2012 in the Damavand jaban in Iran. Experiment treatments were compared in a split plot design by a randomized completely block design with 3 replication. The used variety of maize w...

Herbicide use is among the most criticized aspects of modern farming, especially as it relates to genetically engineered (GE) crops. Many previous analyses have used flawed metrics to evaluate herbicide intensity and toxicity trends. Here, I show that herbicide use intensity increased over the last 25 years in maize, cotton, rice and wheat. Although GE crops have been previously implicated in i...

...................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTIO...

S-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]diethylcarbamothioate General information This document reviews the environmental fate and environmental effects of the thiocarbamate herbicide, thiobencarb {S–[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl] diethylcarbamothioate (C 12 H 16 ClNOS)}. Thiobencarb, also referred to as benthiocarb was developed by Kumiai Chem. Ind. Co. Ltd and introduced in the market in 1970 (Ishikawa, 1981)....

Introduction. The increasing development of marine traffic has led to a rise in the incidence of legionellosis among travellers. It occurs in similar environments, especially closed and crowded, and aboard ships Legionella survives and multiplies easily in water pipes, spreading into the environment through air conditioning systems and water distribution points. Although in recent years ...

In this paper, we present the development of a reconfigurable hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): U-Lion [Ang et al., 11th IEEE Int. Conf. Control Automation (ICCA), pp. 750–755]. U-Lion is a small-scale UAV that is capable of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and fixedwing Cruise modes through its unique mechanical design. Mainly built with carbon fiber and expanded polyolefin (EPO) foam, ...

The effect of the external pH in the range of 5.5 to 8.0 on the activity of three PSII herbicides (diuron, atrazine and dinoseb) was studied in isolated thylakoid membranes by means of prompt and delayed fluorescence induction kinetics. Well-expressed pH dependence was established for prompt fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fi/Fm) as well as for delayed fluorescence parameters (I1, I2). Two type...