Homeless people are usually prone to be infected with multiple infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, as well as syphilis. In this cross-sectional study, using a questionnaire and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, we evaluated the seroprevalance of hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis, as well as thei...

In this study we amplified virtually the entire genomes of hepatitis A virus (a member of the Picornaviridae family), hepatitis B virus (a member of the Hepadnaviridae family), and hepatitis C virus (a member of the Flaviviridae family) by using the recently described technique of long PCR. In order to do this, we first demonstrated, using the lambda phage, that long PCR can be made highly sens...

Five human hepatitis viruses cause most of the acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. Over the past 25 years, hepatitis C virus (HCV) in particular has received much interest because of its ability to persist in most immunocompetent adults and because of the lack of a protective vaccine. Here we examine innate and adaptive immune responses to HCV infection. Although HCV activates an innate ...

Remdesivir is an antiviral drug showed broad spectrum against viruses, also RNA polymerase inhibitor that’s why use to treat a variety of virus infections. It considered be more effective family respiratory infection causing viruses including corona as compared those whom it was originally synthesized like Hepatitis C and common cold viruses. On October 8, 2020, The National Institute Allergy I...

background: recently, some new viruses have been identified for their association with hepatitis which torque teno mini virus being among them. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of torque teno mini virus in healthy individuals and hepatitis b and c patients in isfahan, iran. materials and methods: one hundred serum samples of healthy individuals from isfahan blood transfusion...

The term “hepatitis viruses” refers to a diverse group of viruses all of which have the human liver as the primary target of replication and give rise to hepatitis or inflammation of the liver. Their replication may result in mass destruction of liver cells. Consequences include failure of the liver to fulfil basic functions such as removal of bilirubin from the circulatory blood system. Biliru...

Background The term ‘‘jaundice’’ was used as early as in the ancient Greece when Hippocrates described an illness probably corresponding to a viral hepatitis. However, it was not until the beginning of the twentieth century AU :1 when a form of hepatitis was associated to an infectious disease occurring in epidemics and the term ‘‘infectious hepatitis’’ was established. Later on in the early 19...