INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis is a liver disease in the form of continuous inflammation and necrosis for at least 6 months. There are many causes of chronic hepatitis, including genetic disorders, drugs, toxins, autoimmune, idiopathic; but the most common cause is viral. The virus that causes chronic viral hepatitis is the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as hepatitis ...

Abbreviations: FCH, fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis; HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBIG, hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HCV-R, HCV recurrence; HDV, hepatitis D virus; HEV, hepatitis E virus; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LADR, low accelerated dose regimen; LAM, lamivudine; IFNa , interferon al...

Abbreviations: CHC, chronic hepatitis C; CYP, cytochrome P450; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IL, interleukin; Peg, pegylated interferon alfa; RBV, ribavirin; SVR, sustained virologic response; VDRs, vitamin D receptors; Th, helper T cell; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 1,25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Corresponding author: Tae Yeob Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospita...

INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B virus is classified into eight genotypes, varying from A to H, with distinct geographical distributions. In Brazil, the most frequent genotypes are A, D, and F. METHODS This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotypes in cases of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infections ...

The western region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin has long been shown to be a highly endemic area for hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses. Data concerning the prevalence of hepatitis C and E viruses in this region are still scarce. In this study we investigated the presence of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses infection in communities that live along the Purus and Acre rivers in the states of A...