The initial stages of diabetic nephropathy are characterized by glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertension, processes that have been linked to initiation and progression of renal disease. Renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade is commonly used to modify the hyperfiltration state and delay progression of renal disease. Despite this therapy, many patients progress to ESRD, suggesting heterogene...

propofol is a widely used anesthetic drug because of its minor complication and also its fast effect. one of most popular complication in using this drug is pain during injection that is more sever in new generation of its components (lipid-free microemulsion). other complications of propofol are bradycardia and hypotension. this study compares 3 drugs with placebo in control of these complicat...

the pathophysiology of primary benign exertional headache (eh) is not still clearly defined. some researchers have suggested an impaired vascular response as the etiology of this disorder. in this study we investigated whether there are any differences in blood pressure (bp) and heart rate (hr) of the subjects in course of the static and dynamic exercises and the treadmill stress test between t...

patients and methods this was a randomized double-blinded study conducted on 90 patients (18-65 years old, asa i, ii), who needed intubation following trauma. the patients were randomly divided into three groups, group i, group ii and group iii, who have received alfentanil, fentanyl and sufentanil, respectively. heart rate, blood pressure, saturation of peripheral oxygen and end-tidal carbon d...

In this issue of Neuron,Mateo et al. (2017) suggest that hemodynamic measures of resting-state functional connectivity in cortex are reporting the consequences of entrainment of arteriole vasomotion by neuronal activity.