This paper investigates the hedging effectiveness of time-varying hedge ratios in the agricultural commodities futures markets based on four different versions of the GARCH models. The GARCH models applied are the standard bivariate GARCH, the bivariate BEKK GARCH, the bivariate GARCH-X and the bivariate BEKK GARCH-X. The GARCH-X and the BEKK GARCH-X models are uniquely different from the other...

We acknowledge the LBS Centre for Hedge Fund Research and Education for providing the hedge fund data used in this paper. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at Abstract This paper studies the risk in fixed-income hedge fund styles. Principal component analysis is applied to groups of fixed-income hedge funds to extract common sources of risk and return. These common sources of risk a...

We propose linear systems of hedge language equations (LSH) as a formalism to represent regular hedge languages. These linear systems are suitable for several computations in the algebra of regular hedge languages. We indicate algorithms to translate between representations by hedge automata and LSH, and for the computation of LSH for the intersection, quotient, left and right factors of regula...

Consider a firm whose stock returns are affected by market returns and an idiosyncratic market-orthogonal factor. The level of the firm’s cash flows depends on the level of the market and the level of the idiosyncratic factor multiplicatively because of compounding. Although a large hedge against the market index minimizes the variance of cash flows, such a hedge does not minimize the costs of ...

We acknowledge the LBS Centre for Hedge Fund Research and Education for providing the hedge fund data used in this paper. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at Abstract This paper studies the risk in fixed-income hedge fund styles. Principal component analysis is applied to groups of fixed-income hedge funds to extract common sources of risk and return. These common sources of risk a...

A key criterion for applying hedge accounting under SFAS 133 is the demonstration of hedge effectiveness. Retrospective assessment of hedge effectiveness may reveal hedge ineffectiveness – the extent to which a gain (loss) on the hedging derivative is not offset by a corresponding loss (gain) on the hedged item. SFAS 133 requires that this accounting measure of hedge ineffectiveness be reported...

This study evaluates the efficiency of cross hedging with single stock futures (SSF) contracts. We propose a new technique for hedging exposure to an individual stock that does not have options or exchange-traded SSF contracts written on it. Our method selects as a hedging instrument a portfolio of SSF contracts which are selected based on how closely matched their underlying firm characteristi...

This paper investigates hedge fund performance and risk. The empirical evidence indicates that hedge funds differ substantially from traditional investment vehicles such as mutual funds. The funds with watermarks significantly outperform the funds without watermarks. The average hedge fund returns are related positively to incentive fees, the size of the fund, and the lockup period. Hedge funds...

SEPTEMBER 2002 THE JOURNAL OF FIXED INCOME 1 H edge fund strategies came under intense scrutiny with the stressful market events surrounding the near collapse of Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM). Several studies were sponsored by regulatory agencies in the financial markets, including the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets [1999], and the Bank for International Settlements [1999a...

It is well known that the pro forma performance of a sample of investment funds contains biases. These biases are documented in Brown, Goetzmann, Ibbotson and Ross (1992) using mutual funds as subjects. The organization structure of hedge funds, being private and often offshore vehicles, makes data collection a much more onerous task. This amplifies the impact of performance measurement biases....