Recent evidence from economics and psychology highlights the importance of traits other than general intelligence for success in school and in life (Almlund, Duckworth, Heckman, & Kautz, 2011; Borghans, Duckworth, Heckman, & ter Weel, 2008; Moffitt et al., 2011). Disparities in so-called non-cognitive skills appear to contribute to the academic achievement gap separating wealthy from disadvanta...

This paper presents a new robust two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for efficiency evaluation of the electricity power production and distribution companies. DEA has been widely used for benchmarking the electricity companies. Traditional studies in DEA consider systems as a whole when measuring the efficiency, ignoring the operation of individual processes within a system. To tackle thi...

Maintaining stable linkages between farmers and APS service providers is conducive to cutting transaction costs, increasing organizations’ willingness invest in the long term motivation innovate on their own, improving agricultural production resource use efficiency, safeguarding farmers’ welfare national food security. The of renew contracts a key factor long-term partnerships. Based research ...

This paper presents a convenient shortcut method for implementing the Heckman estimator of the dynamic random effects probit model and other dynamic nonlinear panel data models using standard software. It then compares the estimators proposed by Heckman, Orme and Wooldridge, based on three alternative approximations, first in an empirical model for the probability of unemployment and then in a ...

This study investigates the effects of on-the-job training and education level employees on innovation in emerging markets using sample firms from BEEPS 2013 (Business Environment Enterprise Performance Survey 2013) datasets provided by World Bank. The Heckman two-stage regression model is used order to control for endogeneity over a final 10,366 Eastern Europe Central Asia. To estimate firms, ...