[1] The phase of precipitation is important for weather forecasts, land hydrology and remote sensing. To quantify the temperature and pressure dependence of snow frequency (F, in %) when precipitation occurs, we have analyzed 3-hourly weather reports of surface air temperature (Ts, C) and pressure (Ps), and snow and rain occurrences from over 15,000 land stations and available ship observations...

The various precipitation types formed within winter storms (such as snow, wet snow and freezing rain) often lead to very hazardous weather conditions. These types of precipitation often occur during the passage of a warm front as a warm air mass ascends over a cold air mass. To address this issue further, we used a one-dimensional kinematic cloud model to simulate this gentle ascent (≤10 cm/s)...

Sustainability is an ideal state, that cannot be “measured” per se. We can instead try to measure the distance from this ideal state. Regarding the use of resources and the emission of residues in the environment, the problem is “extensive”, i.e. a function of the magnitude of the problem (with respect to the size of the system). Humanity is approaching its “limits to growth” and this problem i...

background & aim: fear of fall is well-known risk factor for falls among senior citizens. however, the mechanism by which fear of falls can facilitate falls is not clear. this study hypothesized that falls self-efficacy can play a role in relationship between fear of falls and falls. there has been rapidly growing literature on falls among senior citizens, and however, the role of falls selfeff...

Abstract A large fraction of the world’s poor rely on rain-fed agriculture, which makes them vulnerable to changes in rainfall patterns. In this paper, we examine whether spatial correlation results these households also being an adverse spatial-spillover effect. particular, use household-level panel data from India along with high-resolution meteorological show how rural household consumption ...

— This paper introduces a new rain removal model based on the shrinkage of the sparse codes for a single image. Recently, dictionary learning and sparse coding have been widely used for image restoration problems. These methods can also be applied to the rain removal by learning two types of rain and non-rain dictionaries and forcing the sparse codes of the rain dictionary to be zero vectors. H...

Atmospheric air is made up of nitrogen (71%), oxygen (28%) and other gasses (1%) including ozone which is altered by processes related to altitude, temperature and air pollution.1,2 Ozone (O3) is a gas with a characteristic, penetrating odour that is present in small amounts in atmospheric air. Ozone molecules are composed of three oxygen atoms and present naturally in the upper layer of atmosp...

Over the past two decades, the adult population in the United States has, on average, become much heavier. From 1987 to 2007, the fraction of adults who were overweight or obese increased from 44 percent to 63 percent; almost two-thirds of the adult population now falls into one of those categories. The share of obese adults rose particularly rapidly, more than doubling from 13 percent to 28 pe...

This paper presents results of a phonological and phonetic study of stress in Chickasaw, a Muskogean language spoken in south central Oklahoma. Three degrees of stress are differentiated acoustically, with primary stressed vowels having the highest f0 and greatest duration and intensity, unstressed vowels having the lowest f0 and shortest duration and intensity, and secondary stressed vowels di...

background: fear of falling is not only a risk factor for falls, but it is also an important clinical predictor of functional decline in older adults. this study identified sex differences in fear of falling and related factors in older adults with low grip strength. methods: the data of 902 older adults from the 2012 korean national survey, conducted as a research project by the korea employme...